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Religion See other Religion Articles Title: SOUL SOUL The original-language terms (Heb., ne82;phesh [[ –4;–8;—3; morf gninaem tnereffid yrev a yllausu syevnoc emit tneserp eht ta egasu hsilgnE ni luoS“ :devresbo ,hsehp82;en fo esu eht fo sisylana deliated fo tluser a sa ,sggirB .A .C rosseforP ,)03 .p ,IVX .loV( erutaretiL lacilbiB fo lanruoJ eht ni ,7981 ni kcaB .tnemgdelwonkca rediw deniag ylidaets sah tcaf sihT .sretirw elbiB deripsni eht yb desu sa sdrow keerG dna werbeH eht fo gninaem eht htiw tnemeerga ni ton era snosrep tsom fo sdnim eht ni seirrac ylnommoc ”luos“ hsilgnE eht taht snoitatonnoc ehT .syojne lamina na ro nosrep a taht efil eht ro ,lamina na ,nosrep a eb ot ”luos“ wohs serutpircS eht ni desu sa )]®ÇÅÈ[ 82;ehk·ysp ,.rG ;]–4;–8;?ne82;phesh] in Hebrew, and it is easy for the incautious reader to misinterpret.” More recently, when The Jewish Publication Society of America issued a new translation of the Torah, or first five books of the Bible, the editor-in-chief, H. M. Orlinsky of Hebrew Union College, stated that the word “soul” had been virtually eliminated from this translation because, “the Hebrew word in question here is ‘Nefesh.’” He added: “Other translators have interpreted it to mean ‘soul,’ which is completely inaccurate. The Bible does not say we have a soul. ‘Nefesh’ is the person himself, his need for food, the very blood in his veins, his being.”—The New York Times, October 12, 1962. What is the origin of the teaching that the human soul is invisible and immortal? The difficulty lies in the fact that the meanings popularly attached to the English word “soul” stem primarily, not from the Hebrew or Christian Greek Scriptures, but from ancient Greek philosophy, actually pagan religious thought. Greek philosopher Plato, for example, quotes Socrates as saying: “The soul, . . . if it departs pure, dragging with it nothing of the body, . . . goes away into that which is like itself, into the invisible, divine, immortal, and wise, and when it arrives there it is happy, freed from error and folly and fear . . . and all the other human ills, and . . . lives in truth through all after time with the gods.”—Phaedo, 80, D, E; 81, A. In direct contrast with the Greek teaching of the psy·khe82; (soul) as being immaterial, intangible, invisible, and immortal, the Scriptures show that both psy·khe82; and ne82;phesh, as used with reference to earthly creatures, refer to that which is material, tangible, visible, and mortal. The New Catholic Encyclopedia says: “Nepes [ne82;phesh] is a term of far greater extension than our ‘soul,’ signifying life (Ex 21.23; Dt 19.21) and its various vital manifestations: breathing (Gn 35.18; Jb 41.13[21]), blood [Gn 9.4; Dt 12.23; Ps 140(141).8], desire (2 Sm 3.21; Prv 23.2). The soul in the O[ld] T[estament] means not a part of man, but the whole man—man as a living being. Similarly, in the N[ew] T[estament] it signifies human life: the life of an individual, conscious subject (Mt 2.20; 6.25; Lk 12.22-23; 14.26; Jn 10.11, 15, 17; 13.37).”—1967, Vol. XIII, p. 467. The Roman Catholic translation, The New American Bible, in its “Glossary of Biblical Theology Terms” (pp. 27, 28), says: “In the New Testament, to ‘save one’s soul’ (Mk 8:35) does not mean to save some ‘spiritual’ part of man, as opposed to his ‘body’ (in the Platonic sense) but the whole person with emphasis on the fact that the person is living, desiring, loving and willing, etc., in addition to being concrete and physical.”—Edition published by P. J. Kenedy & Sons, New York, 1970. Ne82;phesh evidently comes from a root meaning “breathe” and in a literal sense ne82;phesh could be rendered as “a breather.” Koehler and Baumgartner’s Lexicon in Veteris Testamenti Libros (Leiden, 1958, p. 627) defines it as: “the breathing substance, making man a[nd] animal living beings Gn 1, 20, the soul (strictly distinct from the greek notion of soul) the seat of which is the blood Gn 9, 4f Lv 17, 11 Dt 12, 23: (249 X) . . . soul = living being, individual, person.” So please permit me to take this a step further; if man has no immortal soul, then hell does not exist either because it requires an immortal soul for eternal torment. And, of course, purgatory does not exist either. So what was being said about basic beliefs of .... so-called .... Christians? Anyone care to discuss the trinity now?
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#1. To: richard9151 (#0)
And it more importantly requires an infinitely monstrous and supremely evil yet pathetically weak and incompetent god to do that to anyone. .
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