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Science/Tech See other Science/Tech Articles Title: [Weather Modification, HAARP] METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ALTERING A REGION IN THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE
UNITED STATES PATENT
Eastlund
Patent Number: 4,686,605
Date of Patent: Aug. 11, 1987
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ALTERING A REGION IN THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE,
IONOSPHERE, AND/OR MAGNETOSPHERE
Inventor: Bernard J. Eastlund, Spring, Tex.
Assignee: APTI, Inc., Los Angeles, Calif.
Appl. No.: 690,333
Filed: Jan. 10, 1985
References Cited
PUBLICATIONS
Liberty Magagine, (2/35) p. 7 N. Tesla. New York Times (9/22/40) Section
2, p. 7 W. L Laurence.
New York Times (12/8/15) p. 8 Co1. 3.
Primary Examiner--Salvatore Cangialosi Attorney, Agent, or Firm--Roderick
W. MacDonald
ABSTRACT
A method and apparatus for altering at least one selected region which
normally exists above the earth's surface. The region is excited by
electron cyclotron resonance heating to thereby increase its charged
particle density. In one embodiment, circularly polarized
electromagnetic radiation is transmitted upward in a direction
substantially parallel to and along a field line which extends through
the region of plasma to be altered. The radiation is transmitted at a
frequency which excites electron cyclotron resonance to heat and accel-
erate the charged particles. This increase in energy can cause ionization
of neutral particles which are then absorbed as part of the region
thereby increasing the charged particle density of the region.
15 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ALTERING A REGION IN THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE,
IONIOSPHERE, AND/OR MAGNETOSPHERE
DESCRIPTION
1. Technical Field
This invention relates to a method and apparatus for altering at least
one selected region normally existing above the earth's surface and more
particularly relates to a method and apparatus for altering said at least
one region by initially transmitting electromagnetic radiation from the
earth's surface essentially parallel to and along naturally-occurring,
divergent magnetic field lines which extend from the earth's surface
through the region or regions to be altered.
2. Background Art
In the late 1950's, it was discovered that naturally-occuring belts
exist at high altitudes above the earth's surface, and it is now
established that these belts result from charged electrons and ions
becoming trapped along the magnetic lines of force (field lines) of the
earth's essentially dipole magnetic field. The trapped electrons and ions
are confined along the field lines between two magnetic mirrors which
exist at spaced apart points along those field lines. The trapped elec-
trons and ions move in helical paths around their particular field
lines and "bounce" back and forth between the magnetic mirrors. These
trapped electrons and ions can oscillate along the field lines for long
periods of time.
In the past several years substantial effort has been made to understand
and explain the phenomena involved in belts of trapped electrons and
ions, and to explore possible ways to control and use these phenomena
for beneficial purposes. For example, in the late 1950's and early 1960's
both the United States and U.S.S.R. detonated a series of nuclear devices
of various yields to generate large numbers of charged particles at
various altitudes, e.g., 200 kilometers (km) or greater. This was done in
order to establish and study artificial belts of trapped electrons and
ions. These experiments established that at least some of the extrane-
ous electrons and ions from the detonated devices did become trapped
a1ong field lines in the earth's magnetosphere to form artificial belts
which were stable for prolonged periods of time. For a discussion of
these experiments see "The Radiation Belt and Magneto-, sphere", W. N.
Hess, Blaisdell Publishing Co., 1968, pps. 155 et sec.
Other proposals which have been advanced for altering existing belts of
trapped electrons and ions and/or establishing similar artificial belts
include injecting charged particles from a satellite carrying a payload
of radioactive beta-decay material or alpha emitters; and injecting
charged particles from a satellite-borne electron accelerator. Still
another approach is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,042,196 wherein a low
energy ionized gas, e.g., hydrogen, is released from a synchronous
orbiting satellite near the apex of a radiation belt which is
naturally-occurring in the earth's magnetosphere to produce a substantial
increase in energetic particle precipitation and, under certain
conditions, produce a limit in the number of particles that can be stably
trapped. This precipitation effect arises from an enhancement of the
whistler-mode and ion-cyclotron mode interactions that result from the
ionized gas or "cold plasma" injection.
It has also been proposed to release large clouds of barium in the
magnetosphere so that photoionization will increase the cold plasma
density, thereby producing electron precipitation through enhanced
whistler-mode interaction.
However, in all of the above-mentioned approaches, the mechanisms
involved in triggering the change in the trapped particle phenomena must
be actually positioned within the affected zone, e.g., the magnetosphere,
before they can be actuated to effect the desired change.
The earth's ionosphere is not considered to be a "trapped" belt since
there are few trapped particles therein. The term "trapped" herein refers
to situations where the force of gravity on the trapped particles is
balanced by magnetic forces rather than hydrostatic or collisional
forces. The charged electrons and ions in the ionosphere also follow
helical paths around magnetic field lines within the ionosphere but are
not trapped between mirrors, as in the case of the trapped belts in the
magnetosphere. since the gravitational force on the particles is balanced
by collisional or hydrostatic forces.
In recent years, a number of experiments have actually been carried out
to modify the ionosphere in somecontrolled manner to investigate the
possibility of a beneficial result. For detailed discussions of these
operations see the following papers: (1) Ionospheric Modification
Theory; G. Meltz and F. W. Perkins: (2) The Platteville High Power
facility; Carrol et al.; (3) Arecibo Heating Experiments; W. E. Gordon
and H. C. Carlson, Jr.; and (4) Ionospheric Heating by Powerful Radio
Waves; Meltz et al., all published in Radio Science, Vol. 9, No. 11,
November, 1974, at pages 885-888; 889-894; 1041-1047; and 1049-1063,
respectively, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. In such
experiments, certain regions of the ionosphere are heated to change the
electron density and temperature within these regions. This is
accomplished by transmitting from earth-based antennae high frequency
electromagnetic radiation at a substantial angle to, not parallel to,
the ionosphere's magnetic field to heat the ionospheric particles
primarily by ohmic heating. The electron temperature of the ionosphere
has been raised by hundreds of degrees in these experiments, and
electrons with several electron volts of energy have been produced in
numbers sufficient to enhance airglow. Electron concentrations have
been reduced by a few percent, due to expansion of the plasma as a
result of increased temperature.
In the Elmo Bumpy Torus (EBT), a controlled fusion device at the Oak
Ridge National Laboratory, all heating is provided by microwaves at the
electron cyclotron resonance interaction. A ring of hot electrons is
formed at the earth's surface in the magnetic mirror by a combination
of electron cyclotron resonance and stochastic heating. In the EBT, the
ring electrons are produced with an average "temperature", of 250 kilo
electron volts or kev (2.5 X 10^9K) and a plasma beta between 0.1 and
0.4; see, "A Theoretical Study of Electron Cyclotron Absorption in Elmo
Bumpy Torus", Batchelor and Goldfinger, Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 20, No. 4
(1980) pps. 403-418.
Electron cyclotron resonance heating has been used in experiments on the
earth's surface to produce and accelerate plasmas in a diverging magnetic
field. Kosmahl et al. showed that power was transferred from the
electromagnetic waves and that a fully ionized plasma was accelerated
with a divergence angle of roughly 13 degrees. Optimum neutral gas
density was 1.7 X 10^14 per cubic centimeter; see, "Plasma Acceleration
with Microwaves Near Cyclotron Resonance", Kosmahl et al., Journal of
Applied Physics, Vol. 38, No. 12, Nov., 1967, pps. 4576-4582.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a method and apparatus for altering at
least one selected region which normally exists above the earth's
surface. The region is excited by electron cyclotron resonance heating of
electrons which are already present and/or artificially created in the
region to thereby increase the charged particle energy and ultimately
the density of the region.
In one embodiment this is done by transmitting circularly polarized
electromagnetic radiation from the earth's surface at or near the
location where a naturally-occurring dipole magnetic field (force) line
intersects the earth's surface. Right hand circular polarization is used
in the northern hemisphere and left hand circular polarization is used in
the southern hemisphere. The radiation is deliberately transmitted at the
outset in a direction substantially parallel to and along a field line
which extends upwardly through the region to be altered. The radiation
is transmitted at a frequency which is based on the gyro frequency of the
charged particles and which, when applied to the at least one region,
excites electron cyclotron resonance within the region or regions to heat
and accelerate the charged particles in their respective helical paths
around and along the field line. Sufficient energy is employed to cause
ionization of neutral particles (molecules of oxygen, nitrogen and the
like, particulates, etc.) which then become a part of the region thereby
increasing the charged particle density of the region. This effect can
further be enhanced by providing artificial particles, e.g., electrons,
ions, etc., directly into the region to be affected from a rocket,
satellite, or the like to supplement the particles in the
naturally-occurring plasma. These artificial particles are also ionized
by the transmitted electromagnetic radiation thereby increasing charged
particle density of the resulting plasma in the region.
In another embodiment of the invention, electron cyclotron resonance
heating is carried out in the selected region or regions at sufficient
power levels to allow a plasma present in the region to generate a mir-
ror force which forces the charged electrons of the altered plasma upward
along the force line to an altitude which is higher than the original
altitude. In this case the relevant mirror points are at the base of the
altered region or regions. The charged electrons drag ions with them as
well as other particles that may be present. Sufficient power, e.g.,
10^15 joules, can be applied so that the altered plasma can be trapped
on the field line between mirror points and will oscillate in space for
prolonged periods of time. By this embodiment, a plume of altered
plasma can be established at selected locations for communication
modification or other purposes.
In another embodiment, this invention is used to alter at least one
selected region of plasma in the ionosphere to establish a defined layer
of plasma having an increased charged particle density. Once this layer
is established, and while maintaining the transmission of the main beam
of circularly polarized electromagnetic radiation, the main beam is
modulated and/or at least one second different, modulated electromagnetic
radiation beam is transmitted from at least one separate source at a
different frequency which will be absorbed in the plasma layer. The
amplitude of the frequency of the main beam and/or the second beam or
beams is modulated in resonance with at least one known oscillation
mode in the selected region or regions to excite the known oscillation
mode to propagate a known frequency wave or waves throughout the
ionosphere.
BEST MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The earth's magnetic field is somewhat analogous to a dipole bar magnet.
As such, the earth's magnetic field contains numerous divergent field or
force lines, each line intersecting the earth's surface at points on
opposite sides of the Equator. The field lines which intersect the
earth's surface near the poles have apexes which lie at the furthest
points in the earth's magnetosphere while those closest to the Equator
have apexes which reach only the lower portion of the magnetosphere.
At various altitudes above the earth's surface, e.g., in both the
ionosphere and the magnetosphere, plasma is naturally present along these
field lines. This plasma consists of equal numbers of positively and
negatively charged particles (i.e., electrons and ions) which are guided
by the field line. It is well established that a charged particle in a
magnetic field gyrates about field lines, the center of gyration at any
instance being called the "guiding center" of the particle. As the
gyrating particle moves along a field line in a uniform field, it will
follow a helical path about its guiding center, hence linear motion, and
will remain on the field line. Electrons and ions both follow helical
paths around a field line but rotate in opposite directions. The
frequencies at which the electrons and ions rotate about the field line
are called gyro magnetic frequencies or cyclotron frequencies because
they are identical with the expression for the angular frequencies of
gyration of particles in a cyclotron. The cyclotron frequency of ions in
a given magnetic field is less than that of electrons, in inverse
proportion to their masses.
If the particles which form the plasma along the earth's field lines
continued to move with a constant pitch angle, often designated "alpha",
they would soon impact on the earth's surface. Pitch angle alpha is de-
fined as the angle between the direction of the earth's magnetic field
and the velocity (V) of the particle. However, in converging force
fields, the pitch angle does change in such a way as to allow the
particle to turn around and avoid impact. Consider a particle moving
along a field line down toward the earth. It moves into a region of
increasing magnetic field strength and therefore sine alpha increases.
But sine alpha can only increase to 1.0, at which point the particle
turns around and starts moving up along the field line, and alpha
decreases. The point at which the particle turns around is called the
mirror point, and there alpha equals ninety degrees. This process is
repeated at the other end of the field line where the same magnetic field
strength value B, namely Bm, exists. The particle again turns around and
this is called the "conjugate point" of the original mirror point. The
particle is therefore trapped and bounces between the two magnetic
mirrors. The particle can continue oscillating in space in this manner
for long periods of time. The actual place where a particle will mirror
can be calculated from the following:
sin^2 alpha0=B0/Bm
wherein:
alpha0=equatorial pitch angle of particle
B0=equatorial field strength on a particular field line
Bm=field strength at the mirror point
Recent discoveries have established that there are substantial regions of
naturally trapped particles in space which are commonly called "trapped
radiation belts". These belts occur at altitudes greater than about 500
km and accordingly lie in the magnetosphere and mostly above the
ionosphere.
The ionosphere, while it may overlap some of the trapped-particle belts,
is a region in which hydrostatic forces govern its particle distribution
in the gravitational field. Particle motion within the ionosphere is
governed by both hydrodynamic and electrodynamic forces. While there are
few trapped particles in the ionosphere, nevertheless, plasma is present
along field lines in the ionosphere. The charged particles which form
this plasma move between collisions with other particles along similar
helical paths around the field lines and although a particular particle
may diffuse downward into the earth's lower atmosphere or lose energy and
diverge from its original field line due to collisions with other
particles, these charged particles are normally replaced by other
available charged particles or by particles that are ionized by
collision with said particle. The electron density (Ne) of the plasma
will vary with the actual conditions and locations involved. Also,
neutral particles, ions, and electrcons are present in proximity to the
field lines.
The production of enhanced ionization will also alter the distribution Or
atomic and molecular constituents of the atmosphere, most notably through
increased atomic nitrogen concentration. The upper atmosphere is nor-
mally rich in atomic oxygen (the dominant atmospheric constituent above
200 km altitude), but atomic nitrogen is normally relatively rare. This
can be expected to manifest itself in increased airglow, among other ef-
fects.
As known in plasma physics, the characteristics of a plasma can be
altered by adding energy to the charged particles or by ionizing or
exciting additional particles to increase the density of the plasma. One
way to do this is by heating the plasma which can be accomplished in
different ways, e.g., ohmic, magnetic compression, shock waves, magnetic
pumping, electron cyclotron resonance, and the like.
Since electron cyclotron resonance heating is involved in the present
invention, a brief discussion of
[...]
Referring now to the drawings, the present invention provides a method
and apparatus for altering at least one region of plasma which lies along
a field line, particularly when it passes through the ionosphere and/or
magnetosphere. FIG. 1 is a simplified illustration of the earth 10 and
one of its dipole magnetic force or field lines 11. As will be
understood, line 11 may be any one of the numerous naturally existing
field lines and the actual geographical locations 13 and 14 of line 11
will be chosen based on a particular operation to be carried out. The
actual locations at which field lines intersect the earth's surface is
documented and is readily ascertainable by those skilled in the art.
Line 11 passes through region R which lies at an altitude above the
earth's surface. A wide range of altitudes are useful given the power
that can be employed by the practice of this invention. The electron
cyclotron resonance heating effect can be made to act on electrons
anywhere above the surface of the earth. These electrons may be already
present in the atmosphere, ionosphere, and/or magnetosphere of the
earth, or can be artificially generated by a variety of means such as
x-ray beams, charged particle beams, lasers, the plasma sheath
surrounding an object such as a missile or meteor, and the like. Further,
artificial particles, e.g., electrons, ions, etc., can be injected
directly into region R from an earth-launched rocket or orbiting
satellite carrying, for example, a payload of radioactive beta-decay
material; alpha emitters; an electron accelerator; and/or ionized gases
such as hydrogen; see U.S. Pat. No. 4,042,196. The altitude can be
greater than about 50 km if desired, e.g., can be from about 50 km to
about 800 km, and, accordingly may lie in either the ionosphere or the
magnetosphere or both. As explained above, plasma will be present along
line 11 within region R and is represented by the helical line 12. Plasma
12 is comprised of charged particles (i.e., electrons and ions) which
rotate about opposing helical paths along line 11.
Antenna 15 is positioned as close as is practical to the location 14
where line 11 intersects the earth's surface. Antenna 15 may be of any
known construction for high directionality, for example, a phased array,
beam spread angle (symbol? circle with a line) type. See "The MST Radar
at Poker Flat, Alaska", Radio Science, Vol. 15, No. 2, Mar.-Apr. 1980,
pps. 213-223, which is incorporated herein by reference. Antenna 15 is
coupled to transmitter 16 which generates a beam of high frequency
electromagnetic radiation at a wide range of discrete frequencies, e.g.,
from about 20 to about 1800 kilohertz (kHz).
Transmitter 16 is powered by power generator means 17 which is preferably
comprised of one or more large, commercial electrical generators. Some
embodiments of the present invention require large amounts of power,
e.g., up to l0^9 to 1O^11 watts, in continuous wave or pulsed power.
Generation of the needed power is within the state of the art. Although
the electrical generators necessary for the practice of the invention
can be powered in any known manner, for example, by nuclear reactors,
hydroelectric facilities, hydrocarbon fuels, and the like, this
invention, because of its very large power requirement in certain
applications, is particularly adapted for use with certain types of
fuel sources which naturally occur at strategic geographical locations
around the earth. For example, large reserves of hydrocarbons (oil and
natural gas) exist in Alaska and Canada. In northern Alaska, particularly
the North Slope region, large reserves are currently readily available.
Alaska and northern Canada also are ideally located geographically as
to magnetic latitudes. Alaska provides easy access to magnetic field
lines that are especially suited to the practice of this invention, since
many field lines which extend to desirable altitudes for this invention
intersect the earth in Alaska. Thus, in Alaska, there is a unique
combination of large, accessible fuel sources at desirable field line
intersections. Further, a particularly desirable fuel source for the
generation of very large amounts of electricity is present in Alaska in
abundance, this source being natural gas. The presence of very large
amounts of clean-burning natural gas in Alaskan latitudes, particularly
on the North Slope, and the availability of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD),
gas turbine, fuel cell, electrogasdynamic (EGD) electric generators which
operate very efficiently with natural gas provide an ideal power source
for the unprecedented power requirements of certain of the applications
of this invention. For a more detailed discussion Or the various means
for generating electricity from hydrocarbon fuels, see "Electrical
Aspects of Combustion", Lawton and Weinberg. Clarendon Press, 1969. For
example, it is possible to generate the electricity directly at the
high frequency needed to drive the antenna system. To do this, typically
the velocity of flow of the combustion gases (v), past magnetic field
perturbation of dimension d (in the case of MHD), follow the rule:
v=df
where f is the frequency at which electricity is generated. Thus, if v=
1.78 x 10^6 cm/sec and d=l cm then electricity would be generated at a
frequency of 178 mHz.
[...]
FIG. 3 is an idealized representation of movement of plasma 12 upon
excitation by electron cyclotron resonance within the earth's divergent
force field. Electrons (e) are accelerated to velocities required to
generate the necessary mirror force to cause their upward movement. At
the same time neutral particles (n) which are present along line 11 in
region R are ionized and become part of plasma 12. As electrons (e)
move upward along line 11, they drag ions (i) and neutrals (n) with them
but at an angle (symbol circle with line) of about 13 degrees to field
line 11. Also, any particulates that may be present in region R, will be
swept upwardly with the plasma. As the charged particles of plasma 12
move upward, other particles such as neutrals within or below R, move in
to replace the upwardly moving particles. These neutrals, under some
conditions, can drag with them charged particles.
For example, as a plasma moves upward, other particles at the same
altitude as the plasma move horizontally into the region to replace the
rising plasma and to form new plasma. The kinetic energy developed by
said other particles as they move horizontally is, for example, on the
same order of magnitude as the total zonal kinetic energy of
stratospheric winds known to exist.
Referring again to FIG. 2, plasma 12 in region R is moved upward along
field line 11. The plasma 12 will then form a plume (cross-hatched area
in FIG. 2) which will be relatively stable for prolonged periods of time.
The exact period of time will vary widely and be determined by
gravitational forces and a combination of radiative and diffusive loss
terms. In the previous detailed example, the calculations were based on
forming a plume by producing O+ energies of 2 ev/particle. About 10 ev
per particle would be required to expand plasma 12 to apex point C (FIG.
l). There at least some of the particles of plasma 12 will be trapped and
will oscillate between mirror points along field line 11. This
oscillation will then allow additional heating of the trapped plasma 12
by stochastic heating which is associated with trapped and oscillating
particles. See "A New Mechanism for Accelerating Electrons in the Outer
Ionosphere" by R. A. Helliwell and T. F. Bell, Journal of Geophysical
Research' Vol. 65, No. 6, June, 1960. This is preferably carried out at
an altitude of at least 500 km.
The plasma of the typical example might be employed to modify or
disrupt micro-wave transmissions of satellites. If less than total
black-out of transmission is desired (e.g., scrambling by phase shifting
digital signals), the density of the plasma (Ne) need only be at least
about lO^6 per cubic centimeter for a plasma originating at an altitude
of from about 250 to about 400 km and accordingly less energy (i.e.,
electromagnetic radiation), e.g., 10^8 joules need be provided.
Likewise, if the density Ne is on the order of 10^8, a properly
positioned plume will provide a reflecting surface for VHF waves and can
be used to enhance, interfere with, or otherwise modify communication
transmissions.
It can be seen from the foregoing that by appropriate application of
various aspects of this invention at strategic locations and with
adequate power sources, a means and method is provided to cause
interference with or even total disruption of communications over a very
large portion of the earth. This invention could be employed to disrupt
not only land based communications, both civilian and military, but also
airborne communications and sea communications (both surface and
subsurface). This would have significant military implications, particu-
larly as a barrier to or confusing factor for hostile missiles or
airplanes.
The belt or belts of enhanced ionization produced by the method and
apparatus of thisinvention, particularly if set up over Northern Alaska
and Canada, could be employed as an early warning device, as well as a
communications disruption medium. Further, the simple ability to produce
such a situation in a practical time period can by itself be a deterring
force to hostile action. The ideal combination of suitable field lines
intersecting the earth's surface at the point where substantial fuel
sources are available for generation of very large quantities of
electromagnetic power, such as the North Slope of Alaska, provides the
wherewithal to accomplish the foregoing in a practical time period, e.g.,
strategic requirements could necessitate achieving the desired altered
regions in time periods of two minutes or less and this is achievable
with this invention, especially when the combination of natural gas and
magnetohydrodynamic, gas turbine, fuel cell and/or EGD electric
generators are employed at the point where the useful field lines
intersect the earth's surface.
One feature of this invention which satisfies a basic requirement of a
weapon system, i.e., continuous checking of operability, is that small
amounts of power can be generated for operability checking purposes.
Further, in the exploitation of this invention, since the main electro-
magnetic beam which generates the enhanced ionized belt of this invention
can be modulated itself and/or one or more additional electromagnetic
radiation waves can be impinged on the ionized region formed by this
invention as will be described in greater detail herein after with
respect to FIG. 4, a substantial amount of randomly modulated signals
of very large power magnitude can be generated in a highly nonlinear
mode. This can cause confusion of or interference with or even complete
disruption of guidance systems employed by even the most sophisticated of
airplanes and missiles. The ability to employ and transmit over very wide
areas of the earth a plurality of electromagnetic waves of varying
frequencies and to change same at will in a random manner, provides a
unique ability to interfere with all modes of communications, land, sea,
and/or air, at the same time. Because of the unique juxtaposition of
usable fuel source at the point where desirable field lines intersect the
earth's surface, such wide ranging and complete communication
interference can be achieved in a reasonably short period of time.
Because of the mirroring phenomenon discussed herein above, it can also
be prolonged for substantial time periods so that it would not be a mere
transient effect that could simply be waited out by an opposing force.
Thus, this invention provides the ability to put unprecedented amounts of
power in the earth's atmosphere at strategic locations and to maintain
the power injection level, particularly if random pulsing is employed, in
a manner far more precise and better controlled than heretofore
accomplished, by the prior art, particularly by the detonation of nu-
clear devices of various yields at various altitudes.
Where the prior art approaches yielded merely transitory effects, the
unique combination of fuel and desirable field lines at the point where
the fuel occurs allows; the establishment of, compared to prior art
approaches, precisely controlled and long-lasting effects which cannot,
practically speaking, simply be waited out. Further, by knowing the
frequencies of the various electromagnetic beams employed in the
practice of this invention, it is possible not only to interfere with
third party communications but to take advantage of one or more such
beams to carry out a communications network even though the rest of the
world's communications are disrupted. Put another way, what is used to
disrupt another's communications can be employed by one knowledgeable
of this invention as a communications network at the same time.
In addition, once one's own communication network is established, the
far-reaching extent of the effects of this invention could be employed to
pick up communication signals of other(s) for intelligence purposes.
Thus, it can be seen that the disrupting effects achievable by this
invention can be employed to benefit by the party who is practicing this
invention since knowledge of the various electromagnetic waves being
employed and how they will vary in frequency and magnitude can be used to
an advantage for positive communication and eavesdropping purposes at the
same time. However, this invention is not limited to locations where the
fuel source naturally exists or where desirable field lines naturally
intersect the earth's surface. For example, fuel, particularly
hydrocarbon fuel, can be transported by pipeline and the like to the
location where the invention is to be practiced.
[...]
This invention has a phenomenal variety of possible ramifications and
potential future developments. As alluded to earlier, missile or aircraft
destruction, deflection, or confusion could result. particularly when
relativistic particles are employed. Also. large regions of the
atmosphere could be lifted to an unexpectedly high altitude so that
missiles encounter unexpected and unplanned drag forces with resultant
destruction or deflection of same. Weather modification is possible by,
for example, altering upper atmosphere wind patterns or altering solar
absorption patterns by constructing one or more plumes of atmospheric
particles which will act as a lens or focusing device.
Also as alluded to earlier, molecular modifications of the atmosphere
can take place so that positive environmental effects can be achieved.
Besides actually changing the molecular composition of an atmospheric
region, a particular molecule or molecules can be chosen for increased
presence. For example, ozone, nitrogen, etc. concentrations in the
atmosphere could be artificially increased. Similarly, environmental
enhancement could be achieved by causing the breakup of various
chemical entities such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrous
oxides, and the like.
Transportation of entities can also be realized when advantage is taken
of the drag effects caused by regions of the atmosphere moving up along
diverging field lines. Small micron sized particles can be then
transported. and, under certain circumstances and with the availability
of sufficient energy, larger particles or objects could be similarly
affected. Particles with desired characteristics such as tackiness,
reflectivity, absorptivity, etc., can be transported for specific
purposes or effects. For example, a plume of tacky particles could be
established to increase the drag on a missile or satellite passing
there through. Even plumes of plasma having substantially less charged
particle density than described above will produce drag effects on
missiles which will affect a lightweight (dummy) missile in a manner
substantially different than a heavy (live) missile and this affect can
be used to distinguish between the two types of missiles. A moving plume
could also serve as a means for supplying a space station or for focusing
vast amount of sunlight on selected portions of the earth.
Surveys of global scope could also be realized because the earth's
natural magnetic field could be significantly altered in a controlled
manner by plasma beta effects resulting in, for example, improved
magnetotelluric surveys. Electromagnetic pulse defenses are also
possible. The earth's magnetic field could be decreased or disrupted at
appropriate altitudes to modify or eliminate the magnetic field in high
Compton electron generation (e.g., from high altitude nuclear bursts)
regions. High intensity, well controlled electrical fields can be
provided in selected locations for various purposes. For example, the
plasma sheath surrounding a missile or satellite could be used as a
trigger for activating such a high intensity field to destroy the missile
or satellite.
Further, irregularities can be created in the ionosphere which will
interfere with the normal operation of various types of radar, e.g.,
synthetic aperture radar. Thepresent invention can also be used to create
artificial belts of trapped particles which in turn can be studied to
determine the stability of such parties. Still further, plumes in
accordance with the present invention can be formed to simulate and/or
perform the same functions as performed by the detonation of a "heave"
type nuclear device without actually having to detonate such a device.
Thus it can be seen that the ramifications are numerous, far-reaching,
and exceedingly varied in usefulness.
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This is the US Patent that laid the foundation for HAARP. Here's a section that describes how it can be used for weather modification;
Here's a related article; The Ultimate Weapon of Mass Destruction: "Owning the Weather" for Military Use
Here's the article where they discovered this phenonenom...19 OCT 2002. Cosmic rays 'linked to clouds' The German team, from the Max Planck Institute of Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, used a large ion mass spectrometer mounted on an aircraft. They conclude: "Our observations provide strong evidence for the ion-mediated formation and growth of aerosol particles in the upper troposphere." The scientists report their findings in Geophysical Research Letters, a journal of the American Geophysical Union. With weather technology, these can be controlled by specific particles matched with their specific ionization frequency...increasing particle density.
so the patent claim itself indicates that this technology can be used for weather manipulation. And we all know that one of the ideologies of the PNAC people is they believe in exercising all the power at their disposal in order to engender conflict and increase their power.
Some on LP were questoining whether this patent was even remotely tied to HAARP. So I looked up the inventor's credential's (Dr. Bernard Eastlund) and here's what I found.. From ABOUT THE FOUNDER Dr. Bernard J. Eastlund holds a B. S. in physics from MIT and a Ph.D. in physics from Columbia University. He received a Special Achievement Certificate from the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission in 1970 for co-invention of the "Fusion Torch." In 1974, his invention of an electrodeless microwave ultraviolet lamp received an IR 100 award from Industrial Research magazine. He is a member of the American Physical Society, of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and of the Society of Petroleum Engineers. (See "Prospects of Fusion Power, by William C. Gough and Bernard J. Eastlund, Scientific American, 1971.) From 1996 to the present, he is the CEO and President of Eastlund Scientific Enterprises Corporation. From 1994 to 1995 he was president of Production Technologies Company, L. L. C. PTC is an oil field technology company located in Houston, Texas. He organized Production Technologies International, Inc., and was president and CEO from 1984 to 1989 and again from 1992 to 1994. He conceptualized, designed and developed "cable-free" technology for delivering electrical power downhole in oil and gas wells without the use of cables. From 1979 to 1984 he was Vice President for Energy Technology with the BDM Corporation in McLean, Virginia. He developed and executed substantial contracts with Exxon, Shell Development, Camco, Atlantic Richfield, Lodge Cottrell and other international oil industry factors. Independently, as a consultant for the Atlantic Richfield Corporation between 1984 and 1987 he developed new civilian and military uses of North Slope natural gas. Three patents were issued and a new corporation, APTI, was organized by ARCO to pursue various concepts within the patents. APTI has promoted two aspects of the patents that have resulted in DOD sponsored projects. The first is HAARP (HF Active Auroral Research Program) which is a small version of the antenna discussed in the patents. The second is AIM (Artificial Ionospheric Mirror) which is a claim in the patents related to a new method of reflecting radar. He co-founded, and from 1974 to 1979 was Vice President and Chief Technical Officer of Fusion Systems Corporation, Rockville, Maryland, a successful venture capital supported firm whose core technology and initial products he co-invented. Fusion Systems Corporation was recently purchased by the Eaton Corporation of Cleveland, Ohio. Spinoffs of Fusion Systems Corporation include (1) Fusion UV Systems, Inc. of Gaithersburg, Maryland and Fusion Lighting Inc. of Rockville, Maryland. From 1966 to 1974 he managed research programs for Controlled Thermonuclear Research for the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. His hobby is astrophysics. Recently he has co-authored two papers regarding pulsars in the Astrophysical Journal and has presented a paper on Gamma Bursters. E- Mail Dr. Eastlund at eastlund@eastlundscience.com And here is a list of the patents that he holds. From DR. BERNARD J. EASTLUND'S U.S. PATENTS 1975-1997 Method and Apparatus for Ionizing All the Elements in A Complex Substance Such As Radioactive Waste and Separating Some of the Elements From the Other Elements Method and Apparatus for a Large Volume Plasma Processor That Can Utilize Any Feedstock Material Method for Producing a Shell of Relativistic Particles at an Altitude Above the Earths Surface Tubing Collar Method and System for Introducing Electric Current Into a Well Method and Apparatus For Altering a Region in the Earth's Atmosphere, Ionosphere, and/or Magnetosphere Well Heater Method and Apparatus For Creating an Artificial Electron Cyclotron Heating Region of Plasma Method and Apparatus for Ultraviolet Curing of Three Dimensional Objects Without Rotation Microwave Generated Radiation Apparatus Method and Apparatus for Generating Electromagnetic Radiation Apparatus and Method for Generating Radiation
Good find...these bastards would kill their own mothers for a buck....
just think - if this technology were used to do good rather than as a tool for global warfare to serve an evil agenda of those who rule over us. I mean to be able to create rain on demand has an enormous implication for agriculture. We could grow much much more than we do.
Here's the evidence from Dr. Eastlund's website that proves this IS one of the HAARP patents; Notice that it states that HAARP is only a small version of the real thing? It implies that there is a MUCH LARGER OPERATIONAL site located somewhere else, where HAARP is more than likely just an experimental site that simply tested the concepts described in the various patents.
Unfortunately, those that control the money have other plans for it. There IS some good things that it is being utilized for, such as missile defense apparently. However, it is also possible that various catastrophic weather events MAY have been caused by this device.
I don't doubt that.
Which doesn't include secret patents such those held by EE&G and other strictly gov't contractors.
Who is EE&G?
Kind of like the scientific research/gadget-makers version of RAND Corp...spooks and nerds galore...
Something like SAIC?
Kind of, though I guess SAIC would more civilian-oriented...
This is the only weather story I know. The Rainmaker, Hatfield. Charles M. Hatfield (1876-1958) I've seen an old photo of a large Navy ship in Mission Valley, there was so much water.
"A state of war only serves as an excuse for domestic tyranny." – Alexander Solzhenitsyn
Does Mulholland's dam service San Diego?
It's in L.A.
"A state of war only serves as an excuse for domestic tyranny." – Alexander Solzhenitsyn
you're under-estimating these guys - they don't work for minimum wage. It would take a least two million dollars before they'd do that. and then it's ka-ching.
Here's some REALLY interesting info from Dr. Eastlund..
reference bump
The mind once expanded by a new idea never returns to its' original size
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