To realize a sustainable society, the use of biofuels is needed to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels as energy sources. One of the most ideal systems to effectively produce bioethanol is the Consolidated Bioprocessing system. Yeast cell surface engineering technology is a very promising method for the construction of CBP. In future studies, cell surface engineering will be a more valuable molecular tool for the degradation of cellulosic materials and the production of all biofuels including bioethanol, biobutanol, and biodiesel at high efficiency and low cost. Moreover, metabolic engineering and synthetic biology are important tools for the construction of engineered host fermentation systems, such as biobutanol and biodiesel production, although further improvements are required because of their low productivity and low tolerance of products. In addition, the combination of cell surface engineering and metabolic engineering will create more advantageous microorganisms for the lower-cost and less intensive production of biofuels.
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