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Science/Tech
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Title: Exponential growth moving into medicine
Source: [None]
URL Source: [None]
Published: Feb 17, 2011
Author: Nick Hodge
Post Date: 2011-02-18 00:03:05 by Tatarewicz
Keywords: None
Views: 92
Comments: 1

Physicist Albert Bartlett once said, “The greatest shortcoming of the human race is our inability to understand the exponential function.”

He's dead on. His insight can shed some serious light on the human condition and improve the condition of your portfolio.

In 1877, when Edison recited “Mary Had a Little Lamb” for his first phonograph, who would've thought we'd ever tweet on iPhoExponential Curvenes?

When the Wright Brothers made their first flight in 1900, who would've thought we'd be able to fly to the moon?

And when the Army unveiled the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) in 1946, surely no one thought there would soon be a version of it in most American homes...

That's the power of the exponential improvement.

But people fail to understand it because improvement can be painstakingly slow in the beginning.

Just think of a Petri dish with one bacterium in it. Growing exponentially, it first splits into two bacteria, then four, then eight.

Seems slow, right? But after only 20 splits, there would be over 2 million bacteria...

That's the power of exponential growth.

Recognizing and applying it can be the key to easy wins in the stock market.

Moore on more

Exponential growth can apply to many industries and occurrences.

It's the exponential improvement of computers that allowed one to compete on Jeopardy! this week. It uses 2,800 IBM central processing units (CPUs) to find the answers to complex questions posed in nuanced language.

According to a Big Blue video, “there's an enormous amount of science involved when Watson answers a single Jeopardy! question. There's natural language processing, there's machine learning, there's knowledge representation and reasoning, there's deep analytics. And it all happens in just three seconds.”

Watson uses an entire server room of processing units that share memory to access terabytes of data at a speed of 500 gigabytes per second.

The computer beat Jeopardy's best by almost $50,000, leaving both the contestants and audience in shock.

And to think, in this clip from a 1994 Today Show, Katie Couric and Bryant Gumbel were at a loss to describe what the Internet even was.

That's the power of exponential growth.

When applied to computing, exponential growth is called Moore's Law, and it states the number of components able to be placed on an integrated circuit will double every two years.

It's how we've gone from this...

1981 Computer

to this:

2011 Computer

in 30 years.

But it doesn't just apply to computers...

To infinity... and beyond

Exponential improvement has taken us from Model Ts to Chevy Volts and from wooden floor model TVs to inch-thick LEDs.

You may be behind the curve when it comes to investing in technologies, as most of those profits have been made. But we're well ahead of exponential improvement in medicine.

Because although advancements have been made in diagnostic and surgical procedures, many fundamentals of medicine haven't come all that far.

We still amputate. We still need transplants. We still primarily treat, not cure.

That's all starting to change very quickly as exponential improvement starts to take over and medical advancements grow by leaps and bounds.

Just in the last year or so...

Scientists at the University of Southern California created cells in mice that are immune to HIV.

Synthetic biology company Intrexon pioneered a DNA drug that kills cancer from within.

And in the biggest advancement yet, a Peruvian doctor has established a proven method to grow new organs and limbs on demand.

That last one is a game changer. It could mean the end of donor waiting lists, amputation, and many of the diseases that continue to plague the human species. It's already in Phase II trials, and you can learn more about it right here.

It's the power of exponential improvement happening right before your very eyes.

Try to keep the idea of the exponential function in the back of your mind when it comes to investing and the world around you.

Failure to recognize it means many opportunities will pass you by very quickly...

Consider that Watson was built in four years.

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Interesting links:

HIV mice link: http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/node/3918/full

Organ growing (video) link: www.angelnexus.com/o/web/25038?lloct=2

Killing cancer fom within he cell:

Robert Langreth Follow Me Robert Langreth Treatments

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A Biotech Billionaire And His Radical DNA Drug That Kills Cancer From Within Jan. 7 2011 - 12:16 pm | 17,121 views | 0 recommendations | 7 comments By ROBERT LANGRETH From left to right, the structures of A, B and...

Image via Wikipedia

Billionaire Randal Kirk is taking a stake in Ziopharm Oncology, a maverick company developing less toxic chemotherapy drugs, to push forward a novel DNA therapy that he thinks will be far bigger than cancer vaccines. As part of a deal, Kirk’s synthetic biology company Intrexon will get a 12.5% stake in Ziopharm for $11.6 million. That stake could increase to almost 20% If Ziopharm brings any drug based on Intrexon’s DNA therapeutics into a second-stage trial.

As cancer costs explode, Ziopharm is one of a handful of biotech companies focusing on lower cost cancer drugs by coming up with less toxic versions of neglected old chemotherapy drugs. Ziopharm chief executive Jon Lewis, an outspoken former surgeon from Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, says companies need to be able to make affordable cancer drugs that don’t cost patients $100,000 a year. “Innovation must be fostered, but how does one do that in a way that costs don’t keep spiralling?” says Lewis. “If there was a more efficient way of developing drugs they could be priced cheaper.”

One way to do that is to increase the effectiveness of old chemotherapy drugs by reducing toxic side effects. The company’s lead drug palifosfamide is a new version an existing chemo drug ifosfamide that is potent but too toxic to use on many people. That drug causes releases several toxic chemicals as it is broken down to its active form in the body. The new drug consists of just the active portion of that drug to eliminate toxic side effects such as bowel inflammation. In an initial trial last year, the drug delayed growth of sarcoma by about three months versus standard treatment. Final stages trials in sarcoma could yield results in 2012, while a small trial in lung cancer just started.

Kirk, who owns a majority stake in Intrexon, stands to make a bundle if the sarcoma drug works. But he says he didn’t even bother to do due diligence on the sarcoma drug. His real interest is in pushing forward a new type of cancer treatment from Intrexon that uses synthetic biology to come up with new DNA based drugs trigger cells to produce powerful cancer killing chemicals just where they are needed inside the body. This could have far fewer side effects than injecting cancer killing immune proteins directly into patients. One such protein, IL-2, was once touted as a miracle drug but is so toxic it is not able to be used much. The new technology could provide a safer way treat patients with powerful immune-stimulating proteins.

“This technology is considerably more powerful and considerably broader” than cancer vaccine technology behind such products as Dendreon’s prostate cancer vaccine, says Kirk, who made his $1.7 billion fortune largely through New River Pharmaceuticals, which he sold to Shire in 2007 for $2.6 billion. “This is by far the best thing I have ever seen” as an biotech investor. He predicts the Intrexon technology will be “world-changing.”

Essentially, the Intrexon treatment is a form a gene therapy, a treatment modality that has considerable promise but has had all sorts of safety and efficacy problems in delivering on its promise. Little about it has been published, so it is hard to evaluate the promise. Intrexon’s treatment doesn’t try to introduce new genes into cells permanently, which has led to safety problems in the past, but uses new synthetic DNA molecules that are injected locally near a tumor to trigger the release of powerful immune system proteins that can kill cancer cells. The DNA is not activated until a patient takes a pill, giving further control of how much of the protein is released at what time.

Thanks to the synthetic biology technology, the new DNA drugs from Intrexon, Kirk claims, are 100s of times more potent than previous gene therapy or DNA vaccine approaches that couldn’t get enough DNA into cells to have much of a therapeutic effect. The lead treatment, now in phase 1 trials, aims to produce a potent immune boosting protein called IL-12 inside tumors, while avoiding healthy tissues. One possibility would be to use it as an alternative to surgery for difficult to operate-on tumors.

Kirk says he found the Intrexon technology 12 years ago when he met Intrexon’s founder Thomas Reed, who had a small company pioneering new ways to made synthetic DNA. Kirk says he has been talking to lots of drug and biotech companies about the Intrexon technology, and first approached Lewis last May because of his expertise in cancer drug development. If Intrexon’s new DNA treatment method works, Ziopharm’s current lead sarcoma drug “will be a rounding error” in the company’s future valuation, Kirk says. The company’s would split the profits on any DNA therapeutic that results.

http://blogs.forbes.com/robertla...radical-dna-drug-that-kil

Tatarewicz  posted on  2011-02-18   0:27:59 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


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