4um: US Workers: Resurgent or Waging a Rearguard Action?

General Works; Specific Unions, Organizations and Movements; Autobiographies, Biographies, Memoirs; Unpublished Works.

"ABOLISH CH[ILD] SLAVERY!!" in English and Yiddish, probably taken during May 1, 1909 labor parade in New York City. George Grantham Bain Collection (Library of Congress).

GENERAL WORKS

Abramsky, Chimen, “The Jewish Labour Movement: Some Historiographical Problems,” in Soviet Jewish Affairs, vol. 1, no. 1, (June 1971)

Asher, Robert, “Jewish Unions and the American Federation of Labor Power Structure, 1903-1935,” in American Jewish Historical Quarterly, vol. 65 (1976)

Baum, Charlotte, Paula Hyman and Sonya Michel, “Weaving the Fabric of Unionism: Jewish Women Move the Movement,” in THE JEWISH WOMAN IN AMERICA (New York: Dial Press 1976)

Bell, Daniel, “Jewish Labor History,” in Publication of the American Jewish Historical Society, Vol. 46, no. 3 (March 1957)

Berman, Harold, "The Decline of Jewish Labor," in THE REFLEX (October 1927)

Berman, Hyman, “A Cursory View of the Jewish Labor Movement: An Historiographical Survey,” in American Jewish Historical Quarterly, vol. LII [52], no. 2 (December 1962)

Bloom, Bernard H., “Yiddish Speaking Socialists in America, 1892 - 1905.” in American Jewish Archives, vol. 12, no. 1 (April, 1960)

Brandes, Joseph, “From Sweatshop to Stability: Jewish Labor Between the World Wars,” YIVO Annual XVI (1976)

Buhle, Paul, “The Roots of Jewish Labor: Will the Vision Be Renewed?” in Genesis 2 (Boston Feb., 1983)

————, “Jews and American Communism: the Cultural Question,” in Radical History Review 23, (Spring, 1980)

------------, “Yiddish Left,” in ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE AMERICAN LEFT, (New York: Garland Publishing, 1990)

Danish, Max D., “The Jewish Labor Movement: Facts and Prospects,” in THE JEWISH PEOPLE - PAST AND PRESENT, Volume IV (New York: Jewish Encyclopedic Handbooks 1948)

David, Henry, “The Jewish Unions and their Influence upon the American Labor Movement,” in Publication of the American Jewish Historical Society, Vol. 41, no. 4 (June 1952)

—————, “Jewish Labor History: A Problem Paper,” in Publication of the American Jewish Historical Society, vol. 46, no. 3 (March 1957)

Davidowicz, Lucy S., “The Jewishness of the Jewish Labor Movement in the United States,” in A BICENTENNIAL FESTSCHRIFT FOR JACOB RADER MARCUS, ed. by Bertram Wallace Korn (New York: American Jewish Historical Society/KTAV 1976 {Reprinted in THE AMERICAN JEWISH EXPERIENCE, ed. by Jonathan D. Sarna [New York: Holmes & Meier 1986]})

Dubofsky, Melvyn, “Organized Labor and the Immigrant in New York City, 1900 - 1918,” in Labor History 2 (Spring 1961)

Epstein, Melech, JEWISH LAB OR IN THE UNITED STATES; AN INDUSTRIAL, POLITICAL AND CULTURAL HISTORY OF THE JEWISH LABOR MOVEMENT, 1882 - 1952, Two Volumes (New York: Trade Union Sponsoring Committee 1950, 1953 [ Reprinted, New York: KTAV, 1969])

—————, THE JEW AND COMMUNISM, (New York 1959)

Feingold, Henry L., “Matching Power and Responsibility: The Jewish Labor Movement,” in A MIDRASH ON AMERICAN JEWISH HISTORY (Albany: SUNY Press 1982)

Frager, Ruth A., SWEATSHOP STRIFE: CLASS, ETHNICITY, AND GENDER IN THE JEWISH LABOUR MOVEMENT OF TORONTO, 1900 - 1939 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press 1992)

Frankel, Jonathan, “The Jewish Socialists and the American Jewish Congress Movement,” in YIVO Annual XVI (1976)

——————-, “Class War and Community: The Socialists in American Jewish Politics, 1879 - 1918,” in PROPHECY AND POLITICS: SOCIALISM, NATIONALISM AND THE RUSSIAN JEWS, 1862 - 1917 (New York 1981)

Friedman-Manor, Tami, ed., WORKERS AND REVOLUTIONARIES: THE JEWISH LABOR MOVEMENT, (Tel Aviv: Beth Hatefutsoth, the Museum of the Jewish Diaspora 1994)

Glanz, Rudolph, “Source Material on the History of Jewish Immigration to the U.S., 1800-1880,” in YIVO Annual VI (1951)

———————, “Some Remarks on the Jewish Labor Movement and American Public Opinion in the Pre-World War I Era,” in YIVO Annual XVI (1976)

Glenn, Susan A., DAUGHTERS OF THE SHTETL - LIFE AND LABOR IN THE IMMIGRANT GENERATION (Ithaca: Cornell University Press 1990)

Goldstein, Yaacov N., JEWISH SOCIALISTS IN THE UNITED STATES: THE CAHAN DEBATE, 1925-1926 (Brighton - East Sussex, UK: Sussex Academic Press 1998)

Goren, Arthur, “The Jewish Labor Movement and the Kehillah,” in QUEST FOR COMMUNITY: THE KEHILLAH EXPERIMENT, 1908 - 1922 (New York 1970)

Green, Nancy L., JEWISH WORKERS IN THE MODERN DIASPORA, (Berkeley : University of California Press, 1998)

Gross, Feliks and Vlavianos, Basil J., STRUGGLE FOR TOMORROW: MODERN POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES OF THE JEWISH PEOPLE (New York 1954)

Hardman, J. B. S., “The Jewish Labor Movement in the United States: Jewish and Non-Jewish Influences,” in Publication of the American Jewish Historical Society, vol. 41, no. 4 (Dec. 1952)

—————-, “Jewish Workers in the American Labor Movement,” in YIVO Annual VII (1952)

Herberg, Will, “The Jewish Labor Movement in the United States,” in American Jewish Year Book, vol. 53 (1952)

Hiebert, Daniel, "Jewish Immigrants and the Garment Industry of Toronto, 1901–1931: A Study of Ethnic and Class Relations," in Annals of the Association of American Geographers, volume 83 Issue 2 (June 1993)

Howe, Irving, “Jewish Labor, Jewish Socialism,” in WORLD OF OUR FATHERS (New York 1976)

—————, “The Significance of the Jewish Labor Movement,” in THE JEWISH LABOR MOVEMENT IN AMERICA: TWO VIEWS (New York: Jewish Labor Committee 1958)

——————, and Libo, Kenneth, “Labor and Socialism,” in HOW WE LIVED: A DOCUMENTARY HISTORY OF IMMIGRANT JEWS IN AMERICA, 1880 - 1930 (New York 1979)

Knox, Israel, “Jewish Labor - The Reality and the Ideal,” in THE JEWISH LABOR MOVEMENT IN AMERICA: TWO VIEWS (New York: Jewish Labor Committee 1958)

Kosak, Hadassa, CULTURES OF OPPOSITION: JEWISH IMMIGRANT CULTURE, New York 1881-1905 (Albany: SUNY Press 2000)

Leviatin, David, FOLLOWERS OF THE TRAIL: JEWISH WORKING-CLASS RADICALS IN AMERICA (New Haven: Yale University Press 1969)

Levin, Nora, “The American Jewish Labor Movement,” in WHILE MESSIAH TARRIED: JEWISH SOCIALIST MOVEMENTS, 1871 - 1917 (New York: Schocken Books 1977)

———————, “Socialist Intellectuals Encounter Jewish Workers in America, 1881- 84,” in Gratz College Annual of Jewish Studies, vol. II (1973)

Liebman, Arthur, JEWS AND THE LEFT (New York: John Wiley & Sons 1979)

McCreesh, Carolyn Daniel, WOMEN IN THE CAMPAIGN TO ORGANIZE GARMENT WORKERS, 1880 - 1917 (New York & London: Garland Publishing 1985)

Mendelsohn, Ezra, “The Jewish Socialist Movement and the Second International, 1889 - 1914: The Struggle for Recognition,” in Jewish Social Studies, Vol. 26 (1964)

———————, “The Russian Roots of the American Jewish Labor Movement,” in YIVO Annual XVI (1976) [Repr. in EAST EUROPEAN JEWS IN TWO WORLDS: STUDIES FROM THE YIVO ANNUAL, Deborah Dash Moore, ed. (Evanston: Northwestern University Press 1990)]

Menes, Abraham, “The Jewish Labor Movement,” in THE JEWISH PEOPLE, PAST AND PRESENT, Volume IV. (New York: Jewish Encyclopedic Handbooks 1955)

———————-, “The East Side and the Jewish Labor Movement, in VOICES FROM THE YIDDISH, Irving Howe and Eliezer Greenberg, eds. (Ann Arbor 1972); also in MANY PASTS: READINGS IN AMERICAN SOCIAL HISTORY, 1865-THE PRESENT, vol.. 2, Herbert G. Gyutman and Gregory S. Kealey, eds. (Prentice Hall 1973)

Mergan, Bernard, “Another `Great Prize’: The Jewish Labor Movement in the Context of American Jewish History,” in YIVO Annual XVI (1976)

Michels, Tony, "`Speaking to Moyshe,': The early socialist Yiddish press and its readers," in Jewish History, Volume 14, Number 1 (January 2000)

------------------, “Socialism with a Jewish Face: The Origins of the Yiddish-Speaking Communist Movement in the United States, 1907-1923,” in YIDDISH AND THE LEFT; PAPERS OF THE THIRD MENDEL FRIEDMAN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON YIDDISH, ed. by Gennady Estraikh and Mikhail Krutikov (Oxford: European Humanities Research Centre, 2001)

--------------------, A FIRE IN THEIR HEARTS: YIDDISH SOCIALISTS IN NEW YORK (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005)

Mishkinsky, M., "The Jewish labor movement and European socialism," in Cahiers d’Histoire Mondiale 11 (1968)

Perlman, Selig, “America and the Jewish Labor Movement: A Case of Mutual Illumination,” in Publication of the American Jewish Historical Society, vol. 46, no. 3 (March 1957)

———————, “Jewish-American Unionism: Its Birth Pangs and Contribution to the General American Labor Movement,” in Publication of the American Jewish Historical Society, Vol. 41, no. 4 (June 1952)

Reich, Nathan, “Some Observations on Jewish Unionism,” in Publication of the American Jewish Historical Society, vol. 41, no. 4 (June 1952)

Rich, Jacob C., “The Jewish Labor Movement in the United States,” in THE JEWISH PEOPLE - PAST AND PRESENT (New York: Jewish Encyclopedic Handbooks 1948)

—————, Sixty Years of the ‘Jewish Daily Forward’,” in The New Leader (June 3, 1957)

Rischin, Moses, “The Jewish Labor Movement in the United States: A Social Interpretation,” in Labor History 4 (Fall, 1963)

——————, THE PROMISED CITY: NEW YORK’S JEWS, 1870 - 1914 (New York: Cambridge University Press 1962)

Rogoff, Abraham Meyer, FORMATIVE YEARS OF THE JEWISH LABOR MOVEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES, 1890-1900 (New York 1945 [Reprinted Westport: Greenwood Press 1979])

——————————-, “Jewish Labor in the American Political Scene,” in JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA, ed. by Maurice Samuels (New York 1945)

Rosenblum, Gerald, IMMIGRANT WORKERS: THEIR IMPACT ON AMERICAN LABOR RADICALISM (New York: Basic Books 1973)

Rosenstein, Irv, OUR LEGACY: JEWS AND THE AMERICAN LABOR MOVEMENT (Philadelphia 1991)

Ruchames, Louis, “Jewish Radicalism in the U.S.,” in THE GHETTO AND BEYOND: ESSAYS IN JEWISH LIFE IN AMERICA, Peter I. Rose, ed. (New York: Random House 1969)

Salutsky, J.B., “The Jewish Labor Movement in the United States,” American Jewish Year Book, 1916

Sanders, Ronald, THE DOWNTOWN JEWS: PORTRAIT OF AN IMMIGRANT GENERATION (New York: Dover 1987)

Schappes, Morris U., A DOCUMENTARY HISTORY OF THE JEWS IN THE UNITED STATES, 1645-1875 (New York: Citadel Press 1950)

—-----------——— series on Jewish Labor Movement in Jewish Life, “Socialist Traditions of Jewish Labor,” May 1950; “Jewish Labor in the (18)90s,” June 1950; “Appeal of Jewish Workingmen’s Union 1885,” May 1952; “`Jewish Workers’ Victory - 1890,” April 1953; “The 1880s - Beginnings of Jewish Trade Unionism,” September 1954; “The Nineties - Ups and Downs of Jewish Trade Unions,” October 1954; “The New Century Opens - Jewish Labor Movement Grows,” December 1954; “The Heroic Period of Jewish Labor, 1909-1914,” January 1955.

Seidman, Joel, THE NEEDLE TRADES (New York: Farrar and Rinehart 1942)

Seligman, Ben B., “Needle, Thread and Thimble: The Story of Jewish Labor in the U.S.,” Jewish Frontier, September 1953.

Sherman, Charles Bezalel, “Nationalism, Secularism and Religion in the Jewish Labor Movement,” Judaism, Vol. 3, Fall 1954 (reprinted in VOICES FROM THE YIDDISH, ed. Irving Howe and Eliezer Greenberg, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.)

Shuldiner, David P., OF MOSES AND MARX: FOLK IDEOLOGY IN THE JEWISH LABOR MOVEMENT OF THE UNITED STATES, (Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey 1999)

Sidorick, Daniel, "The 'Girl Army': The Philadelphia Shirtwaist Strike of 1909-1910," Pennsylvania History, No. 71 (Summer 2004)

Sorin, Gerald, THE PROPHETIC MINORITY: AMERICAN JEWISH IMMIGRANT RADICALS, 1880-1920 (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press 1985)

—————, “Tradition and Change: American Jewish Socialists as Agents of Acculturation,” American Jewish History, vol. 59, no. 1 Autumn 1989)

Stein, Leon, ed., OUT OF THE SWEATSHOP: THE STRUGGLE FOR INDUSTRIAL DEMOCRACY (New York: Quadrangle/The New York Times Book Co. 1977)

-----, THE TRIANGLE FIRE (Philadelphia: (Ithaca, NY: J. P. Lippincott, 1962 - [Reprints: New York: Carroll & Graf 1985; Ithaca, NY:: Cornell University Press, 2001])

Szajkowski, Zosa, “Paul Nathan, L. Wolf ... and the Jewish Revolutionary Movements in Eastern Europe, 1903 - 17,” in Jewish Social Studies, (January 1967, April, 1967)

Tax, Meredith, “The Uprising of the Thirty Thousand,” in THE RISING OF THE WOMEN: Feminist Solidarity and Class Conflict, 1880-1917, by Meredith Tax (New York and London: Monthly Review Press 1980 [reprinted - Champaign, IL University of Illinois Press 2001)

----------------, RIVINGTON STREET (Champaign, IL University of Illinois Press 2001)

----------------, UNION SQUARE (Champaign, IL University of Illinois Press 2001)

Tcherikover, Elias, THE EARLY JEWISH LABOR MOVEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES, translated and edited by Aaron Antonovsky (New York: YIVO 1961)

Trunk, Isaiah, “The Cultural Dimensions of the Jewish Labor Movement,” in YIVO Annual XVI (1976)

Tyler, Gus, THE JEWISH LABOR MOVEMENT: A LIVING LEGACY (New York: Jewish Labor Committee n.d.)

—————, “The Legacy of the Jewish Labor Movement,” in Midstream (March 1965)

Von Drehle, Dave, TRIANGLE : THE FIRE THAT CHANGED AMERICA (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2003)

Wahl, Edward, “American Jewish Labor Movement,” in Chicago Jewish Forum, vol. 5 (Spring 1947)

Waldinger, Roger D., THROUGH THE EYE OF THE NEEDLE; IMMIGRANTS AND ENTERPRISE IN NEW YORK’S GARMENT TRADES (New York: New York University Press 1986)

Weinryb, Bernard D., “The Adaptation of Jewish Labor Groups to American Life,” in Jewish Social Studies, vol. III, No. 4 (1946)

Weinstein, Bernard, JEWISH UNIONS IN AMERICA, United Hebrew Trades (New York 1929)

Weinstock, Nathan, TERRES PROMISES: AVATARS DU MOUVEMENT OUVRIER JUIF AU- DELÀ DES MERS AUTOUR DE 1900 : ETATS-UNIS, CANADA, ARGENTINE, PALESTINE (Geneva: Metropolis 2001)

Yellowitz, Irwin, “American Jewish Labor: Historiographical Problems and Prospects,” in American Jewish Historical Quarterly, vol. 65, no. 3 (March, 1976)

————————, Jewish Immigrants and the American Labor Movement, 1900 - 1920,” in American Jewish History, vol. 71, no. 2 (December, 1981)

———————, “Labor Movement,” in JEWISH- AMERICAN HISTORY AND CULTURE: AN ENCYCLOPEDIA, ed. by Jack Fischel and Sanford Pinsker (New York & London: Garland Publishing 1992)

STUDIES OF SPECIFIC UNIONS, ORGANIZATIONS, MOVEMENTS

Alperin, Aaron, SEVENTY YEARS OF LABOR ZIONISM IN AMERICA (New York: Labor Zionists of America 1976)

Avrich, Paul, “Jewish Anarchism in the United States,” in ANARCHIST PORTRAITS, by Paul Avrich (Princeton: Princeton University Press 1988)

Barbash, Jack, “The ILGWU as an Organization in the Age of Dubinsky,” in Labor History IX, Special Supplement (New York 1968)

Beck, Burt, A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE AMALGAMATED (New York: Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America [now UNITE] 1974)

Belsky, Joseph, I, THE UNION: BEING THE PERSONALIZED TRADE UNION STORY OF THE HEBREW BUTCHER WORKERS OF AMERICA (Yonkers, NY: Raddock & Brothers, Ltd. 1952)

Bender, Daniel E., SWEATED WORK, WEAK BODIES. ANTI-SWEATSHOP CAMPAIGNS AND LANGUAGES OF LABOR (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press 2004)

Brenner, Paul, “The Formative Years of the Hebrew Bakers’ Unions, 1881- 1914,” in YIVO Annual XVIII (1983)

Bookbinder, Hyman H., TO PROMOTE THE GENERAL WELFARE: THE STORY OF THE AMALGAMATED, (New York: Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America [now UNITE] 1950)

Brooks, Tom, “The Terrible Triangle Fire,” in American Heritage 8 (1957)

Budish, J. M., A HISTORY OF THE CLOTH HAT AND CAP AND MILLINERY WORKERS INDUSTRIAL UNION (NYC 1925)

—————— and George Soule, THE NEW UNIONISM IN THE CLOTHING INDUSTRY (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Howe 1920)

Carpenter, Jesse Thomas, COMPETITION AND COLLECTIVE BARGAINING IN THE NEEDLE TRADES, 1910 - 1967 (Ithaca 1972)

Cohen, Julius Henry, THEY BUILDED BETTER THAN THEY KNEW (New York 1946)

Danish, Max D., ILGWU NEWS-HISTORY, 1900 - 1950 (New York 1950)

Dauber, Jeremy, “Yiddish Proletarian Theatre: The Art and Politics of the Artef, 1925-1940,” in American Jewish History, vol. 88 (2000)

Eisner, J. M., “Politics, Legislation and the ILGWU," in American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 28 (1969)

Erlich, Victor, "Jewish Labor and the `Daily Forward'," in Modern Review, vol. 1, no. 7 (September 1947)

Estraikh, Gennady, “Metamorphoses of Morgn-frayhayt,” in YIDDISH AND THE LEFT; PAPERS OF THE THIRD MENDEL FRIEDMAN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON YIDDISH, ed. by Gennady Estraikh and Mikhail Krutikov (Oxford: European Humanities Research Centre, 2001)

Foner, Philip S., “Revolt of the Garment Workers I and II,” in HISTORY OF THE LABOR MOVEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES, Vol. 5 (New York: International Publishers 1980)

——————, “THE FUR AND LEATHER WORKERS UNION: A STORY OF DRAMATIC STRUGGLES AND ACHIEVE- MENTS (Newark: Nordan Press 1950)

Fraser, Steven, “Landsleit and Paesini: Jews and Italians in the Amalgamated Clothing Workers,” in STRUGGLE A HARD BATTLE: ESSAYS ON WORKING CLASS IMMIGRANTS, ed. by Dirk Hoerder (Dekalb: Northern Illinois University Press 1986)

Green, Charles H., THE HEADWEAR WORKERS: A CENTURY OF TRADE UNIONISM (New York: United Hatters, Cap and Millinery Workers International Union 1944)

Green, Nancy L., READY-TO-WEAR AND READY-TO-WORK: A CENTURY OF INDUSTRY AND IMMIGRANTS IN PARIS AND NEW YORK (Durham [N.C.] : Duke University Press, 1997)

Hardman, J. B. S., “The Needle Trade Unions: A Labor Movement at Fifty,” in Social Research, vol. XXVII, no. 3 (Autumn, 1960)

Hardy, Jack, THE CLOTHING WORKERS (New York 1935)

Helfgott, Roy B., “Trade Unionism Among the Jewish Garment Workers of Britain and the United States,” in Labor History, vol. 2, no. 2 (1961)

Hertz, Jacob S. [Yakov Sholom], THE JEWISH LABOR BUND: A PICTORIAL HISTORY 1897 - 1957 (NYC: Farlag Unser Tsait 1958)

Holmes, John & Lebowitz, Arieh, “Jewish Socialist Federation,” in ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE AMERICAN LEFT, 2nd edn., edited by Mari Jo Buhle, Paul Buhle, and Dan Georgakas (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998)

Hurwitz, Ariel, ed., AGAINST THE STREAM: SEVEN DECADES OF HASHOMER HATZAIR IN NORTH AMERICA (Israel: Givat Haviva 1994)

Hurwitz, Maximillian, THE WORKMEN'S CIRCLE: ITS HISTORY, IDEALS, ORGANIZATION AND INSTITUTIONS (New York: Workmen’s Circle 1936)

Kaminsky, Y, FORTY YEARS WORKMEN'S CIRCLE: A HISTORY IN PICTURES {FERTSIK YOR ARBETER RING : A GESHIKHTE IN BILDER} (New York: Workmen’s Circle 1940)

King, Elliot, ed., BUILDERS AND DREAMERS: HABONIM DROR LABOR ZIONIST YOUTH IN NORTH AMERICA (New York: Cornwall Books 1993)

Korman, Gerd, “Ethnic Democracy and Its Ambiguities: The Case of the Needle Trade Unions,” in American Jewish History, vol. 75, no. 4, 1986

Kopold, Sylvia and Ben M. Selekman, “The Epic of the Needle Trades,” in Menorah Journal, vol. XV, nos. 4, 5, and 6, (Oct, November & December 1928) and vol. XVIII, no. 4 (April 1930)

Laslett, John H. M., “Jewish Socialism and the Ladies Garment Workers of New York,” in LABOR AND THE LEFT (New York 1970)

Lebowitz, Arieh, “The Jewish Labor Committee: Past and Present,” in Shofar [Midwest Jewish Sudies Association, Purdue University] (West Lafayette, IN Spring 1994)

Lebowitz, Arieh and Gail Malmgreen, ROBERT F. WAGNER LABOR ARCHIVES, NYU: PAPERS OF THE JEWISH LABOR COMMITTEE (New York: Garland Publishing 1993)

--------------------, “Socialist Zionism,” in ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE AMERICAN LEFT, (New York: Garland Publishing, 1990)

Levin, Nora, “The Influence of the Bund on the Jewish Socialist Movement in America,” in Gratz College Annual of Jewish Studies, vol. V (1976) pp. 51-68

Loft, Jacob, “Jewish Workers in the New York City Men’s Clothing Industry,” in Jewish Social Studies 2, (January 1940) pp. 61-77

Lorwin, Louis [Levine, Louis, pseud.] THE WOMEN’S GARMENT WORKERS: A HISTORY OF THE INTERNATIONAL LADIES GARMENT WORKERS UNION (New York: B. W. Heubsch 1924)

Malmgreen, Gail, “Labor and the Holocaust: The Jewish Labor Committee and the Anti-Nazi Struggle,” in Labor’s Heritage, Vol. 3, no. 4 (Oct. 1991)

Markowitz, Ruth Jacknow, MY DAUGHTER, THE TEACHER: JEWISH TEACHERS IN THE NEW YORK CITY SCHOOLS (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press 1993)

Munts, Raymond and Mary Louise, “Welfare History of the ILGWU,” in Labor History IX, Special Supplement (1968)

Nadel, Stanley, “Reds Versus Pinks: A Civil War in the International Ladies Garment Workers Union,” in New York History, January 1985

Nahshon, Edna, YIDDISH PROLETARIAN THEATRE: THE ART AND POLITICS OF THE ARTEF, 1925-1940 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1998)

O’Neal, James, A HISTORY OF THE AMALGAMATED LADIES GARMENT CUTTERS’ UNION, LOCAL 10 (New York 1927)

Potofsky, Jacob, “Profile: The Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America,” in American Labor, December 21-27, 1969

Robinson, Donald B., SPOTLIGHT ON A UNION: THE STORY OF THE UNITED HATTERS, CAP AND MILLINERY WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION (New York: Dial 1948)

Schlossberg, Joseph, ed., DOCUMENTARY HISTORY OF THE AMALGAMATED CLOTHING WORKERS OF AMERICA, NEW YORK 1914-1916 (New York: ACWA 1920[?])

Schappes, Morris U., “The Political Origins of the United Hebrew Trades,” in Journal of Ethnic Studies 5:1 (Spring 1977)

Seidman, Joel, THE NEEDLE TRADES (New York 1942)

——————-, “The ILGWU in the Dubinsky Period,” in Labor History IX, Special Supplement (1968)

Seller, Maxine S., “The Rising of the 20,000: Sex, Class and Ethnicity in the Shirtwaist Makers Strike of 1909,” in Dirk Hoerder, (ed.), STRUGGLE A HARD BATTLE: ESSAYS ON WORKING CLASS IMMIGRANTS (Dekalb, IL: Northern Illinois Univ. Press 1986)Shapiro, Judah J., THE FRIENDLY SOCIETY: A HISTORY OF THE WORKMEN’S CIRCLE (New York: Medial Judaica / Workmen’s Circle 1970)

Shavelson, Clara L., “Remembering the Waistmakers General Strike, 1909,” Jewish Currents (Nov. 1982)

Soyer, Daniel, “Landsmanshaftn and the Jewish Labor Movement: Cooperation, Conflict, and the Building of Community,” in Journal of American Ethnic History, Vol. 7, no. 2 (1988)

Stolberg, Benjamin, TAILOR’S PROGRESS: THE STORY OF A FAMOUS UNION AND THE MEN WHO MADE IT (New York: Doubleday, Doran and Co. 1944)

Stowell, Charles Jacob, THE JOURNEYMEN TAILOR’S UNION OF AMERICA (University of Illinois Studies in the Social Sciences, vol. VII, No. 4 1918)

Strong, Earl D., THE AMALGAMATED CLOTHING WORKERS OF AMERICA (Grinnell, IA: Herald-Register Publishing Co. 1940)

Taft, Philip, UNITED THEY TEACH: THE STORY OF THE UNITED FEDERATION OF TEACHER [of New York City] (Los Angeles: 1974)

Tyler, Gus, A VITAL VOICE: 100 YEARS OF THE JEWISH FORWARD (New York: The Forward Association, Inc. 1997)

————, LOOK FOR THE UNION LABEL: A HISTORY OF THE INTERNATIONAL LADIES’ GARMENT WORKERS’ UNION (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1995)

Waldinger, Roger, “Another Look at the International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union: Women, industry, structure and collective action,” in WOMEN, WORK & PROTEST: A CENTURY OF U.S. WOMEN’S LABOR HISTORY, ed. by Ruth Milkman (London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul 1987)

Weiler, N. Sue, “The Uprising in Chicago: The Men’s Garment Workers Strike, 1910-1911,” in A NEEDLE, A BOBBIN, A STRIKE: WOMEN NEEDLEWORKERS IN AMERICA, ed. by Joan M. Jensen and Sue Davidson (Philadelphia: Temple University Press 1981)

Wertheimer, Barbara Mayer, “The Rise of the Woman Garment Worker: New York, 1909-1910 [Chapter 16],” and “Women in the Men’s Clothing Trades: A New Union, 1910-1914 [Chapter 17],” in WE WERE THERE: THE STORY OF WORKING WOMEN IN AMERICA (New York: Pantheon Books 1977)

Zaretz, Charles Elbert, THE AMALGAMATED CLOTHING WORKERS OF AMERICA: A STUDY IN PROGRESSIVE TRADES-UNIONISM (New York: Ancon Publishing Co. 1934)

Zitron, Celia, THE NEW YORK CITY TEACHERS UNION, 1916 - 1964 (New York 1968)

AUTOBIOGRAPHIES, BIOGRAPHIES, MEMOIRS

Antler, Joyce, “Radical Politics and Labor Organizing,” [on Emma Goldman, Rose Pastor Stokes, Rose Pesotta and Rose Schneiderman] in THE JOURNEY HOME: JEWISH WOMEN AND THE AMERICAN CENTURY (NY: Free Press 1997)

Bisno, Abraham, ABRAHAM BISNO, UNION PIONEER; AN AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT OF BISNO'S EARLY LIFE AND THE BEGINNINGS OF UNIONISM IN THE WOMEN'S GARMENT INDUSTRY [Madison: University of Wisconsin Press 1967]

Cahan, Abraham, PAGES OUT OF MY LIFE (New York: Forward Association 1926/8)

———, THE EDUCATION OF ABRAHAM CAHAN, trans. by Leon Stein (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society 1969)

Chaberg, John, EMMA GOLDMAN: AMERICAN INDIVIDUALIST (New York: HarperCollins 1991)

Chobanian, Peter, “Sidney Hillman: A Bibliography,” in Bulletin of Bibliography, Vol. 51, No. 3 (September 1994), pp. 265-268

Danish, Max D., THE WORLD OF DAVID DUBINSKY, (Cleveland 1957)

Drinan, Richard, REBEL IN PARADISE: A BIOGRAPHY OF EMMA GOLDMAN (Chicago: University of Chicago Press - orig. 1961)

Dubinsky, David and Raskin, A. H., DAVID DUBINSKY: A LIFE WITH LABOR, (New York 1977)

Endelman, Gary, SOLIDARITY FOREVER: ROSE SCHNEIDERMAN AND THE WOMEN’S TRADE UNION LEAGUE (NYC: Arno Books 1982)

Epstein, Melech, PAGES FROM A COLORFUL LIFE (Miami 1970)

——————, PROFILES OF ELEVEN (Detroit: Wayne State University 1965; reprinted Lanham, MD: University Press of America 1987)

Fink, Leon, “A Memoir of Selig Perlman and His Life at the University of Wisconsin,”in Labor History 32 (1991)

Fliegel, Hyman, LIFE AND TIMES OF MAX PINE (New York: Hyman J. Fliegel 1959)

Folsom, Michael Brewster, “The Education of Michael Gold,” in PROLETARIAN WRITERS OF THE THIRTIES, ed. by David Madden (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press 1968)

Fraser, Steven, LABOR WILL RULE: SIDNEY HILLMAN AND THE RISE OF AMERICAN LABOR (New York: The Free Press 1991)

Gold, Ben, MEMOIRS (New York: William Howard Publishers n.d.)

Gompers, Samuel, SEVENTY YEARS OF LIFE AND LABOR: AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY (Ithaca: ILR Press 1984 - edited, with intro. and suggested readings, by Nick Salvatore: [original edition, 1925])

Goulden, Joseph C., JERRY WURF: LABOR’S LAST ANGRY MN (New York: Atheneum 1982)

Hardman, J. B. S., “David Dubinsky, Labor Leader and Man,” in Labor History IX, Special Supplement (1968)

———————-, SIDNEY HILLMAN: LABOR STATESMAN, Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America [now ACTWU] (New York 1948)

Haskel, Harry, A LEADER OF THE GARMENT WORKERS: THE BIOGRAPHY OF ISIDORE NAGLER [intro. by David Dubinsky] (New York: Amalgamated Ladies’ Garment Cutters Union, Local 10, ILGWU 1950)

Herling, John, “Baruch Charney Vladeck,” in American Jewish Year Book, vol. 41 (1939)

Hillquit, Morris, LOOSE LEAVES FROM A BUSY LIFE (New York: Macmillan 1934)

Hunting, Harold B., "A Revolutionist Devoid of Hate," in DISTINGUISHED AMERICAN JEWS, ed. by Philip Henry Lotz (New York: Associated Press 1945; reprinted Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press 1970)

Jacobs, Paul, IS CURLY JEWISH? (New York: Vintage 1965)

Jeshurin, Ephraim, B. C. VLADECK: FIFTY YEARS OF LIFE AND LABOR, (New York 1932)

Josephson, Matthew, SIDNEY HILLMAN: STATESMAN OF AMERICAN LABOR (Garden City, NY: Doubleday 1952)

Julianelli, Jane, “Bessie Hillman: Up from the Sweatshop,” Ms. Magazine, (May 1973)

Kann, Kenneth, JOE RAPOPORT, THE LIFE OF A JEWISH RADICAL (Philadelphia: Temple University Press 1981)

Katzman, Jacob, COMMITMENT: THE LABOR ZIONIST LIFE-STYLE IN AMERICA (New York: Labor Zionist Letters 1975)

Kaufman Stuart, Peter Albert, and Grace Palladino, eds., THE SAMUEL GOMPERS PAPERS, vols. 1-10 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1986-2006)

Kessler-Harris, Alice, “Organizing the Unorganizable: Three Jewish Women and Their Union,” in Labor History 17, no. 1 (Winter 1976); reprinted in CLASS, SEX AND THE WOMAN WORKER, ed. Milton Cantor and Bruce Laurie, (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1977); in EAST EUROPEAN JEWS IN AMERICA, 1880-1920: IMMIGRATION AND ADAPTATION, ed. Jeffrey S. Gurock, vol. 3 (New York: Routledge, 1998); and in AMERICAN JEWISH WOMEN'S HISTORY: A READER, ed. Pamela S. Nadell (New York: New York University Press, 2003).

——---------———, “Rose Schneiderman and the Limits of Women’s Trade Unionism,” in LABOR LEADERS IN AMERICA, ed. by Melvyn Dubofsky and Warren van Tine (Urbana and Chicago: Univ. of Illinois Press 1987)

Korman, Gerd, “New Jewish Politics for an American Labor Leader: Sidney Hillman, 1942-1946,” in American Jewish History, vol. 82, no. 1-4 (1994)

------------------, "Sidney Hillman," in the Encyclopedia of American Jewish History (ABC-CLIO, 2008)

Leeder, Elaine, THE GENTLE GENERAL: ROSE PESOTTA, ANARCHIST AND LABOR ORGANIZER (Albany: SUNY Press 1993)

Lewis, Marx, MAX ZARITSKY AT FIFTY: THE STORY OF AN AGRESSIVE LABOR LEADER (New York: Max Zaritsky 50th Anniversary Committee [United Hatters, Cap & Millinery Workers 1931)

Madison, Charles A., “Sidney Hillman: Leader of the Amalgamated,” in American Scholar, vol. 18, no. 4, Autumn 1949

Malkiel, Theresa Serber, THE DIARY OF A SHIRTWAIST STRIKER (New York: Cooperative Press 1910 [reprinted - Ithaca: ILR Press/Cornell 1990])

Miller, Sally, “From Sweatshop Worker to Labor Leader; Theresa Malkiel: a case study,” in American Jewish History, vol. 68, n. 2, December 1978.

Mitelman, Bennie, “Rose Schneiderman and the Triangle Fire,” in American History Illustrated, July 1981.

Morton, Marion J., EMMA GOLDMAN AND THE AMERICAN LEFT: NOWHERE AT HOME (New York: Twayne Publishers 1992)

Newman, Pauline, “Pauline Newman,” in AMERICAN MOSAIC: THE IMMIGRANT EXPERIENCE IN THE WORDS OF THOSE WHO LIVED IT, ed. by Joan Morrison and Charlotte Fox Zabusky (New York: E.P. Dutton 1980).

Orleck, Annelise, COMMON SENSE AND ALITTLE FIRE: WOMEN AND WORKING-CLASS POLITICS IN THE UNITED STATES, 1900-1965 [Fannia Cohn, Pauline Newman, Rose Schneiderman and Clara Lemlich Shavelson] (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press 1995)

Parmet, Robert D., THE MASTER OF SEVENTH AVENUE: DAVID DUBINSKY AND THE AMERICAN LABOR MOVEMENT (New York: New York University Press 2005)

Pastorello, Karen, A POWER AMONG THEM: BESSIE ABRAMOWITZ HILLMAN AND THE MAKING OF THE AMALGAMATED CLOTHING WORKERS OF AMERICA (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press 2008)

Pesotta, Rose, BREAD UPON THE WATERS (Ithaca: ILR Press/ Cornell 1987)

————, DAYS OF OUR LIVES (Boston: Excelsior Press 1958)

Potofsky, Joseph, “Self-Portrait,” in AMERICAN SPIRITUAL BIOGRAPHIES, ed. by Louis Finkelstein (NYC: Harper 1948)

Pratt, Norma Fain, MORRIS HILLQUIT, A POLITICAL HISTORY OF AN AMERICAN JEWISH SOCIALIST (Westport: Greenwood Press 1979)

Raskin, A. H., “Dubinsky: Herald of Change,” in Labor History IX, Special Supplement (1968)

———, “David Dubinsky: 1892 - 1982, The New Leader (Oct 4, 1982)

———, SIDNEY HILLMAN, 1887-1946 (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society 1948)

———, “From Gompers to Hillman; Labor Goes Middle Class,” in Antioch Review13, 1953

Rich, J. C., “David Dubinsky: The Young Years,” in Labor History IX, Special Supplement (1968)

Rischin, Moses, GRANDMA NEVER LIVED IN AMERICA: THE NEW JOURNALISM OF ABRAHAM CAHAN (Bloomington: Indiana University Press 1985)

Rogoff, Harry, AN EAST SIDE EPIC: THE LIFE AND WORK OF MEYER LONDON (New York: Vanguard Press 1930)

Scheier, Paula, “Clara Lemlich Shavelson,” Jewish Life, vol. 8, no. 95 (November 1954)

—————, “Clara Lemlich Shavelson: 50 Years in Labor’s Front Line,” in THE AMERICAN JEWISH WOMAN: A DOCUMENTARY HISTORY (New York: KTAV 1981)

Schneiderman, Rose, with Lucy Goldthwaite, ALL FOR ONE (New York: Paul S. Ericksson, Inc. 1967)

Schofield, Ann, TO DO AND TO BE: Portraits of Four Women Activists, 1893- 1986 [Gertrude Barnum, Mary Dreier, Pauline Newman and Rose Pesotta], (Boston: Northeastern University Press 1998)

Shepherd, Naomi, “ `I Need a Violent Strike’: Rose Pesotta and American Jewish Immigrant Unionists,” in A PRICE BELOW RUBIES: JEWISH WOMEN AS REBELS AND RADICALS (Cambridge: Harvard University Press 1993)

Shulman, Alix Kates, RED EMMA SPEAKS: AN EMMA GOLDMAN READER (Atlantic Highlands NJ: Humanities Press 1996)

————————, TO THE BARRICADES: THE ANARCHIST LIFE OF EMMA GOLDMAN (New York: 1971)

Soule, George, SIDNEY HILLMAN, LABOR STATESMAN (New York: Macmillan & Co. 1939)

Stolberg, Benjamin, TAILOR’S PROGRESS (New York 1944)

Suhl, Yuri, ERNESTINE ROSE AND THE BATTLE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS (New York 1959)

Syrkin, Marie, [biographical introduction to] HAYIM GREENBERG ANTHOLOGY (Detroit: Wayne State University Press 1968)

Taft, Philip, “David Dubinsky and the Labor Movement,” in Labor History IX, Special Supplement (1968)

Waldman, Louis, LABOR LAWYER [autobiography] (New York: E.P. Dutton and Company 1944)

Weinstone, William, THE CASE AGAINST DAVID DUBINSKY (New York 1946)

Wexler, Alice, EMMA GOLDMAN: AN INTIMATE LIFE (New York: Pantheon 1984)

—————, EMMA GOLDMAN IN EXILE: FROM THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION TO THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR (Boston: Beacon Press 1989)

Yellowitz, Irwin, “Morris Hillquit: American Socialism and Jewish Concerns,” in American Jewish Historical Quarterly, vol. 68 (December, 1978) pp. 163- 188

Zausner, Philip. UNVARNISHED: THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A LABOR LEADER (New York: Brotherhood Publishers, 1941)

UNPUBLISHED WORKS

Asher, Nina Lynn, DOROTHY JACOBS BELLANCA: FEMINIST TRADE UNIONIST, 1884- 1946, Ph. D. dissertation (Binghamton: SUNY 1982)

Arian, Charles, ZIONISM, SOCIALISM AND THE KINSHIP OF PEOPLES: HASHOMER HATZAIR IN NORTH AMERICA, rabbinic thesis, (Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College- Jewish Institute of Religion 1986)

Beck, Burt, A JOINING OF HANDS: THE STORY OF THE ACTWU (unpublished manuscript)

Berlin, George, THE ANTI-NAZI ACTIVITIES OF THE JEWISH LABOR COMMITTEE IN THE 1930’S, M.A. thesis (New York: Columbia Univ. 1966)

Berman, Hyman, ERA OF THE PROTOCOL: A CHAPTER IN THE HISTORY OF THE INTERNATIONAL LADIES GARMENT WORKERS UNION, 1910 - 1916, Ph. D. dissertation (NYC: Columbia University 1956)

Brogna, John J., MICHAEL GOLD: CRITIC AND PLAYWRIGHT, Ph.D. dissertation (Univ. of Georgia 1982)

Brown, Howard M., THE COMMUNISTS AND THE NEEDLE TRADES, 1920-1928, M.A. thesis (New York: Columbia University 1973)

————————, POLITICAL FACTIONS AND THE CLOAKMAKERS STRIKE OF 1926, M.A. thesis (New York: Columbia University 1977)

Cohen, Martin A., JEWISH IMMIGRANTS AND AMERICAN TRADE UNIONS, M.A. thesis (Chicago: University of Chicago 1941)

Cohen, Ricki Carole Myers, FANNIA COHN AND THE INTERNATIONAL LADIES’ GARMENT WORKERS UNION, Ph.D. thesis (University of Southern Caifornia 1976)

Gurowsky, David, FACTIONAL DISPUTES WITHIN THE ILGWU, 1919-1928, Ph. D. dissertation (Binghamton: SUNY 1978)

Jonas, Franklin L, THE EARLY LIFE AND CAREER OF B. CHARNEY VLADECK, 1882- 1921: THE EMERGENCE OF AN IMMIGRANT SPOKESMAN, Ph. D. dissertation (New York: New York University, 1972)

Katz, Daniel Lawrence, A UNION OF MANY CULTURES: YIDDISH SOCIALISM AND INTERRACIAL ORGANIZING IN THE INTERNATIONAL LADIES’ GARMENT WORKERS’ UNION, 1913-1941 Ph. D. dissertation (New Brunswick: Rutgers University, 2003)

Kram, Harriet Davis, NO MORE A STRANGER AND ALONE: TRADE UNION, SOCIALIST AND FEMINIST ACTIVISM — A ROUTE TO BECOMING AMERICAN [on Pauline Newman and Rose Schneiderman] Ph. D. dissertation (New York: City University of New York Graduate Center, 1997)

Leiserson, William, THE JEWISH LABOR MOVEMENT IN NEW YORK, B. A. thesis (Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin 1908)

Massing, Dana Christine, "SHOULDER TO SHOULDER FOR A COMMON CAUSE?" : JEWISH, ITALIAN, AND BLACK WOMEN GARMENT WORKERS IN NEW YORK CITY, 1900-1930 M.A. dissertation (University of Alberta, 1995)

Orenstein, Eugene, THE JEWISH SOCIALIST FEDERATION OF THE U.S. (1912- 1921), Ph. D. dissertation (New York: Columbia University 1978.)

Prickett, James Robert, COMMUNISTS AND THE COMMUNIST ISSUE IN THE AMERICAN LABOR MOVEMENT, 1920 - 1950, Ph. D. dissertation (Los Angeles: UCLA 1975)

Prudson, David, COMMUNISM AN THE JEWISH LABOR MOVEMENT IN THE USA, 1919 - 1929, Ph. D. dissertation (Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University 1982)

Shuldiner, David Philip, OF MOSES AND MARX: FOLK IDEOLOGY WITHIN THE JEWISH LABOR MOVEMENT OF THE UNITED STATES, Ph. D. dissertation, (Los Angeles: University of California at Los Angeles 1984)

Spingarn, Sandra Dawn, TRADE UNIONISM AMONG JEWISH WORKERS IN THE FUR MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN NEW YORK CITY, 1912-1929, Ph.D. dissertation (Binghamton: SUNY 1994)

Vural, Leyla F., UNIONISM AS A WAY OF LIFE: THE COMMUNITY ORIENTATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL LADIES’ GARMENT WORKERS’ UNION AND THE AMALGAMATED CLOTHING WORKERS OF AMERICA, Ph.D. dissertation (New Brunswick: Rutgers: State University of New Jersey, 1994)

Waltzer, Kenneth, “AMERICAN JEWISH LABOR AND AID TO POLISH JEWS DURING THE HOLOCAUST,” paper delivered to conference of the United States Holocaust Memorial Council (Washington, DC March 1987).

This listing is a `work-in-progress' - additional suggested entries welcome.

Jewish Labor Committee
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Top Ten Organized labor, masters of aggressive politics, had its share of triumphs in 2010. With Democrats, their natural ally, the previous year having taken control of the White House and the Senate while increasing their advantage in the House, this was to be expected. AFL-CIO President Richard Trumka and other union officials used their window of opportunity to pressure Congress into passing a health care overhaul mandating unprecedented degrees of government intrusion, and by extension, major opportunities for unionization of the health care labor force. They also secured key presidential appointments.

That said, the year was noteworthy for legislative mandates unions didn't achieve, especially forced private-sector employer recognition of majority union "card checks" and forced state and local government bargaining with public-safety unions. The new Congress, with a GOP House majority, is far less likely to deliver on either count. Meanwhile, Justice Department crackdowns finished off various union-Mafia scams. Embezzlers, great and small, got their comeuppance. And the unions' favorite nonprofit, the once- thriving ACORN, is no more. In other words, liberty and public accountability had their share of triumphs, too.

Union leaders put their penchant for political backroom dealing to good use in 2010, helping to deliver for constituents health care "reform" legislation that will cost taxpayers $940 billion over the next decade (if not more), and with far less consumer choice. Richard Trumka and soon-to-depart Service Employees International Union (SEIU) President Andrew Stern operated as virtual White House lobbyists to shape the final package, which the House of Representatives passed in March by a slim 219-212 margin. Parliamentary maneuvering led by union ally Sen. Harry Reid, D-Nev., had short-circuited a Senate filibuster. It's not as if union bosses in Reid's home state forgot their benefactor come election time. Highly persuasive evidence emerged that SEIU-affiliated workers in Clark County, where three-fourth's of Nevada's population resides, rigged voting machines to bring about Reid's improbable come-from-behind win against GOP challenger Sharron Angle.

Labor's handprints were on presidential appointments. M. Patricia Smith, after several months of delay, won Senate approval in February as solicitor for the Labor Department. Having previously served as New York State Commissioner of Labor, she has put into place an aggressive litigation program to go after employers presumably in violation of wage and hour laws and a lawyer referral program for aggrieved employees. President Obama, for his part, in a March recess appointment named SEIU lawyer Craig Becker to the National Labor Relations Board. Union officials couldn't have asked for a better choice; as a law professor in the Nineties, Becker argued the case for giving unions the right to muzzle employer free speech during an organizing drive. Two pending appointments also underscore union clout with the current administration. Paul Tiao, Obama's nominee for Labor Department Inspector General, has expressed a belief that immigrants, even those here illegally, ought to be granted voting rights - a welcome piece of news for union leaders, who for at least a decade have been enthusiastic proponents of open borders. And Leon Rodriguez, the nominee for head of DOL's Wage and Hour Division, though thoroughly inexperienced in labor law, has shown in his pronouncements and track record as a civil-rights prosecutor that he leans as far leftward as virtually any union official.

The year witnessed federal prosecutions ending mob-assisted union scams in the New York City area. New York District Council of Carpenters longtime boss Michael Forde and nine other defendants pleaded guilty or were convicted by a jury of participating in a scheme to siphon off more than $10 million in scheduled contributions to Carpenters benefit funds and receive bribes from contractors. One of the defendants, contractor Joseph Olivieri, had ties to the Genovese crime family. Federal prosecutors in Brooklyn announced the results of a multiple racketeering indictment against eight suspected Colombo crime family members and associates; two of the defendants had ripped off benefits from Teamsters Local 282, one of the most notorious Mafia-connected unions in New York or anywhere else. And Warren Annunziata, former president of Local 91 of the United Craft and Industrial Workers, pleaded guilty in Manhattan federal court in July to extorting at least $500,000 from local school bus companies. As the indictment had referred to "others known and unknown," he's likely to have had help in the shakedowns.

Embezzlement stories abounded. In the worst single-person case ever, a Manhattan federal grand jury indicted Melissa King, former benefits manager for Laborers Local 147 ("the Sandhogs"), for fleecing members out of $42 million. The indictment followed her arraignment the previous December, an event that earned her the number-three spot on the Top Ten list for 2009. John Orecchio, a Chicago-based financial manager, was sentenced for embezzling more than $24 million from various Michigan-based union pension plans. Joseph Castello, a Greenwich, Conn.- based businessman, was ordered by a federal appeals court to pay more than $12 million that he'd generated from his check-cashing scheme about a third of which represented pension funds from unnamed labor unions - they didn't call him "Joey Checks" for nothing. Noteworthy, if less flagrant, were: Carolyn Sue Alderman- Connon, manager of a regional Boilermakers union training program in Florida, pleaded guilty in October to embezzling more than $1.2 million; Wayne Mitchell and Lawrence DeAngelis, successive bosses of a Communications Workers newspaper print shop and mail room workers local in New York City, pleaded guilty to combined theft of more than $300,000; Florida pastor Gregory Sims, moonlighting as an Electrical Workers benefits manager, pleaded guilty to diverting more than $800,000 in union funds to his church; and Stephen Arena and David Caivano, respectively, president and secretary-treasurer of a Jersey City Production Workers local, were arrested for embezzling more than $375,000.

Taking into account subjective criteria used in years past, here are the ten stories that stuck out the most in 2010:

10) John Orecchio receives a lengthy sentence for union benefit scams. This story ranked number eight the last time around, and it is number-ten here for good measure. Orecchio, CEO of the Chicago-based equity fund AA Capital Partners, managed about $170 million in trust accounts on behalf for union clients, mainly in the Detroit area. During 2002-06 he converted as much as $60 million of that to his own consumption or investment and eventually was indicted for ripping off $24 million. This past June in federal court he learned the price of his ways - a nine-year, four-month prison sentence and a full restitution order.

9) M. Patricia Smith, confirmed by the Senate as Labor Solicitor, goes after private-sector employers. Solicitor is the third-highest ranking position at the U.S. Department of Labor. Trisha Smith, belatedly confirmed by the Senate to this post in February, isn't wasting any time in going after private-sector employers - and to the applause of union leaders. Her office in September issued a draft plan to aggressively step up DOL pressure upon employers it suspects of violating federal wage and hour laws. Look for union rank and file to be deputized as investigators, as was the case in the Wage Watch program she instituted while serving as New York State Labor Commissioner.

8) Former Sandhogs union benefits manager Melissa King indicted for $42 million theft. Though the indictment amounted to a formality, this story still qualifies as a shocker. King, accused late last year of fleecing Laborers International Union of North America Local 147 out of $42 million during 2002- 08, was indicted by a Manhattan grand jury in February. A half-year later she complained about her high legal bills. She's not getting any sympathy from the union, whose rank and file dig subway and water tunnels underneath New York City and surrounding areas. Were the sybaritic Ms. King's thefts "only" $4.2 million, this still would be a major story. But $42 million is almost inconceivable.

7) Union official Warren Annunziata pleads guilty to extortion of school bus companies. United Craft and Industrial Workers Local 91, which represents about 2,000 drivers and auxiliary employees of New York City- area school bus companies, has about $85 million in pension and other assets. Now we know where at least some of that money comes from. Annunziata, the union's former president and current pension fund administrator, pleaded guilty in Manhattan federal court in July to extorting more than $500,000 in payoffs from unionized bus company officials.

6) Andrew Stern yields SEIU presidency to Mary Kay Henry. The Service Employees International Union has well over 2 million members and associates, a more than doubling from 1996, when Andrew Stern took over. In his 14-year reign, Stern boosted membership with his take-no-prisoners style of organizing, though (as critics frequently maintained) at the cost of winning quality contracts, especially in the health care sector. Flush with victory from the Obama health care bill signing, he resigned this spring with two years remaining in his current term. SEIU Vice President Mary Kay Henry defeated Secretary-Treasurer Anna Burger in the succession battle. Several months after Stern's departure, media reports circulated that the FBI and the DOL were probing Stern for potential ethical violations.

5) President Obama appoints Craig Becker to National Labor Relations Board. By law, the NLRB must have three members from one major party and two from the other. Union leaders couldn't have been more delighted with President Obama's nomination of SEIU Associate General Counsel Craig Becker as one of the Democrats - or with Obama's late March recess appointment of Becker, sidestepping a Senate filibuster. As a law professor in the Nineties, Becker argued that unions should have the right to veto employer free speech rights during organizing drives. If he's backed away from this view, he hasn't let it show. And he's already made his presence felt; he cast the tiebreaker vote in August (despite a clear conflict of interest) in the board's decision to revisit the Dana case, which NLRB in 2007 had decided in favor of making it easier for dissenting workers to undo a successful union card check campaign.

4) Grand jury indicts Colombo mobsters and associates; two defendants may have fleeced Teamsters benefit fund. Organized crime in New York experienced a major blow last march when a Brooklyn federal grand jury indicted eight suspected members or associates of the Colombo crime family, including son and nephew of now-imprisoned family boss Carmine Persico, on racketeering and other charges. Two of the defendants, Colombo associate Edward Garofalo Jr. and his wife, Alicia DiMichele, embezzled an unspecified sum from Teamsters Local 282, a concrete and construction materials truck drivers union long under control of the Gambino, Genevese and Lucchese crime families. There's nothing like a piece of the action.

3) Unions negotiate key provisions in final health care bill. Organized labor obviously has a major stake in unionizing the health care labor force. So when it came time a year ago to hammer out a bill reconciling differences between House and Senate health care overhauls, union leaders played a prominent role in shaping the final measure. Led by AFL-CIO President Richard Trumka, union leaders engaged in a three-day marathon session with White House negotiators to break the impasse, especially on how to tax high-end insurance plans. The result: A five-year delay on applying a surtax on such plans, if union-sponsored. The decks cleared, Congress passed the conference bill in March. Obamacare will cost taxpayers an estimated $940 billion over the first ten years, and possibly a good deal more. Thank union hardball in some measure for this.

2) SEIU likely rigged ballots to win Senate re-election for Harry Reid. The 2010 congressional elections were a disaster for Democrats. The party lost its majority in the House and came close to losing it in the Senate. Things could have been far worse had Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., not rallied from behind to defeat Republican challenger Sharron Angle. This "miracle" may have been union-initiated. Evidence indicates that in October, during early balloting, SEIU-affiliated voting machine workers in Clark County (Las Vegas) had been tampering with the devices; they rigged machines to record a check mark next to Reid's name without the benefit a ballot being cast. Union leaders deny any wrongdoing. Yet a full investigation very easily could turn up something, especially given that one of Sen. Reid's sons is Clark County Commission chairman.

1) Michael Forde, nine others convicted in Carpenters district council racket scheme in New York. The leadership of the New York District Council of Carpenters, representing some 25,000 workers in 11 unions, ran a lucrative racket for more than two decades, siphoning off more than $10 million from scheduled benefit contributions and accepting to $1 million in illegal contractor bribes. In 2010, the fun ended. Free-spending district boss Michael Forde pleaded guilty, as did eight other union members and associates. Additionally, Long Island-based contractor association president Joseph Olivieri, a reputed Genovese crime family associate, was found guilty by a jury. Forde had beaten the rap twice before, but this time the feds were determined to not let him walk. He wound up with an 11-year prison sentence. Perseverance does pay.

(Dis)honorable mention. Joseph "Joey Checks" Castello, a Greenwich, Conn.-based businessman, ordered by a federal appeals court to forfeit more than $12 million; manager of a Florida-based Boilermakers regional training program, rips off $1.2 million from the union; president and secretary-treasurer of Jersey City Production Workers local arrested for embezzling more than $375,000; Milwaukee AFSCME activist embezzles $180,000 from union voter registration drive fund; Operating Engineers bookkeeper in Las Vegas steals $230,000; United Auto Workers bookkeeper in Michigan embezzles $200,000; Buffalo transit union treasurer sentenced for theft of more than $250,000; Vince Anello, former mayor of Niagara Falls, N.Y. pleads guilty to Electrical Workers benefit fraud, tests U.S. Supreme Court ruling on "honest services" statute; New York-New Jersey Port Authority union boss Daniel Hughes pleads guilty to embezzling nearly $300,000; Locomotive Engineers President Edward Rodzwicz pleads guilty to bribery, related charge; NYC newspaper workers bosses sentenced for thefts; Colombo mob-connected Operating Engineers local business agent Joey Coriasco sentenced in NYC construction scam; Florida pastor moonlighting as Electrical Workers benefits manager diverts $800,000 from union to church; former Aerospace Workers boss Anthony Forte, brother sentenced in Philadelphia-area Boeing workers credit union fraud and kickback scheme.

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Top Ten Union Corruption Stories of the Year