(Xinhuanet) -- A U.S. study finds that detecting the levels of nicotine in mens toenails may hold clues to the risk of developing lung cancer, according to media reports Tuesday.
The study divided men with smoking history into two groups -- a group involving 210 men developed lung cancer between 1988 and 2000 and the other involving 630 who did not develop lung cancer. The toenail clippings from both groups were used to assess the men's tobacco exposure over last year.
The results show men with high levels of nicotine in their toenails were about 3.5 times more likely to develop lung cancer than those with lower levels of nicotine, regardless of their smoking history.
They also show that only asking people how much they smoke might misjudge the amount of nicotine people actually inhale. In fact, more than 10 percent of the men with the highest levels of nicotine in their nails never smoked cigarettes at all in this study.
Most drug tests use saliva or urine, but researchers from the University of California-San Diego Medical Center and Harvard School of Public Health examined toenail clippings because the toenails grow slowly and the nicotine levels in them are relatively stable.
The researchers noted that nicotine is not a carcinogen, but the findings are based on the assumption that higher levels of nicotine correspond to higher levels of exposure to carcinogens in tobacco.