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Title: Earth's "surface" gold came from outer space
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URL Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110907132044.htm
Published: Sep 8, 2011
Author: staff
Post Date: 2011-09-08 06:17:11 by Tatarewicz
Keywords: None
Views: 121
Comments: 5
ScienceDaily (Sep. 7, 2011) — Ultra high precision analyses of some of the oldest rock samples on Earth by researchers at the University of Bristol provides clear evidence that the planet's accessible reserves of precious metals are the result of a bombardment of meteorites more than 200 million years after Earth was formed. The research is published in Nature. During the formation of Earth, molten iron sank to its centre to make the core. This took with it the vast majority of the planet's precious metals -- such as gold and platinum. In fact, there are enough precious metals in the core to cover the entire surface of Earth with a four-metre thick layer. The removal of gold to the core should leave the outer portion of Earth bereft of bling. However, precious metals are tens to thousands of times more abundant in Earth's silicate mantle than anticipated. It has previously been argued that this serendipitous over-abundance results from a cataclysmic meteorite shower that hit Earth after the core formed. The full load of meteorite gold was thus added to the mantle alone and not lost to the deep interior. To test this theory, Dr Matthias Willbold and Professor Tim Elliott of the Bristol Isotope Group in the School of Earth Sciences analysed rocks from Greenland that are nearly four billion years old, collected by Professor Stephen Moorbath of the University of Oxford. These ancient rocks provide a unique window into the composition of our planet shortly after the formation of the core but before the proposed meteorite bombardment. The researchers determined the tungsten isotopic composition of these rocks. Tungsten (W) is a very rare element (one gram of rock contains only about one ten-millionth of a gram of tungsten) and, like gold and other precious elements, it should have entered the core when it formed. Like most elements, tungsten is composed of several isotopes, atoms with the same chemical characteristics but slightly different masses. Isotopes provide robust fingerprints of the origin of material and the addition of meteorites to Earth would leave a diagnostic mark on its W isotope composition. Dr Willbold observed a 15 parts per million decrease in the relative abundance of the isotope 182W between the Greenland and modern day rocks. This small but significant change is in excellent agreement with that required to explain the excess of accessible gold on Earth as the fortunate by-product of meteorite bombardment. Dr Willbold said: "Extracting tungsten from the rock samples and analysing its isotopic composition to the precision required was extremely demanding given the small amount of tungsten available in rocks. In fact, we are the first laboratory world-wide that has successfully made such high-quality measurements." The impacting meteorites were stirred into Earth's mantle by gigantic convection processes. A tantalising target for future work is to study how long this process took. Subsequently, geological processes formed the continents and concentrated the precious metals (and tungsten) in ore deposits which are mined today. Dr Willbold continued: "Our work shows that most of the precious metals on which our economies and many key industrial processes are based have been added to our planet by lucky coincidence when the Earth was hit by about 20 billion billion tonnes of asteroidal material." This research was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG).
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#1. To: Tatarewicz (#0)
All gold came from space.
Gold and other heavy elements form in supernovae when stars explode, in a process called supernova nucleosynthesis.
Anyone offended by this post, click here.
 | "The only way to deal with an unfree world is to become so absolutely free that your very existence is an act of rebellion." -Albert Camus. |
#2. To: Tatarewicz (#0) (Edited)
How do they know this? I know they have never drilled down that far and have no instruments that are able to read that far underground. Yes, they can by the guess by the calculated mass of the Earth what the core may be composed off and how big or small it may be, but it is just a guess, they have no way of knowing for sure its composition.
In fact, there are enough precious metals in the core to cover the entire surface of Earth with a four-metre thick layer.
God is always good!
#3. To: RickyJ (#2)
that's were much of the water came from, asteroids. It is simple; gold has a high atomic weight as an element, and it would mof sunk to the core when the planet was much more molten. It makes extremely good sense that what gold we fine in the crust came from space after the crust had formed. Of course, common sense has never been your strong suit, so go ahead and believe what you want.
#4. To: Ferret (#3)
Coming from you I consider that a compliment. Gold is not the only element with a high atomic weight, and the core's diameter is only a guess so saying it is made mostly of gold is just a guess as well. But hey, that is only common sense!
Of course, common sense has never been your strong suit
God is always good!
#5. To: RickyJ (#4) (Edited)
The last thing I was going to do is give you a lesson concerning brain physiology and function of cetaceans when you wanted me to do so. You would not have appreciated the time and energy I would have hsd to spend doing this again in 4UM. Besides, you were only interested in using my response to bait anyway. So your snear about how you take my words here have no value except to you. I am willing to give you book and material recomentdations and other citations that deal with that topic were you to insist your curiousity on the topic is genuine. But it isn't, and you actually have no curiousity on that topic. With you I consided the source. Thus you are of course welcome to reciprocate in a simular manner. Which to me makes you comment concerning me framed in a simular way moot. Just the way it goes, sport.
"Coming from you I consider that a compliment"
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