Arthritis is a term applied to a large number of diseases which affect the joints. Rheumatism is the general name given to diseases which cause pain and stiffness of joints, bones, tendons or ligaments. Let's take a look at Rheumatism first.
Rheumatism does not necessarily affect the joints. For example, a form of rheumatism commonly called fibrositis, is an illness usually involving your muscles. Bursitis, another form of rheumatism, is an inflammation of a small sac between your tendon and bone or between your muscles.
Arthritis, on the other hand, includes at least 25 different diseases. The most common forms are osteoarthritis (sometimes called degenerative joint disease), rheumatoid arthritis and gout. In addition to attacking joints, these illnesses may also strike neighboring structures such as muscles or even distant parts of the body such as heart, kidneys, lungs and liver.
These conditions tend to be chronic, that is, once a person has them, they are likely to last a long time and may be a source of trouble off and on all the rest of his life. The number of cases of chronic physical disability resulting from arthritis is second only to heart disease.
Osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease is the form which often affects older people. As one gets older, the joints just wear out. This often happens along with some softening of the bones. This softening of the bones is called osteoporosis and it often affects older women.
Children also can suffer from rheumatic diseases and it is estimated about a quarter million American children have them.
Special tests are necessary to determine what type of rheumatism or arthritis a person has. Treatment then is tailored to fit the individual case.