4um: From The Fraud And Death Administration's (FDA) Own Website

The Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are (1) not all in the US; a great many occur in foreign countries, sometimes with medications that have not yet been approved by the FDA for marketing in the US (one such was Thalidomide - whose dangerous qualities were detected by an FDA researcher even as the manufacturer was paying off politicians to pressure the FDA to approve it as an aspirin substitute), and (2) not all ended in death or even very serious symptoms - a great many simply result in rashes, nausea, constipation and the like.

It is not always possible to detect ADRs when the drug is still in the experimental or pre-approval stage; to that time it has been used by only a limited number of people, frequently under a doctor's close supervision, frequently without uncommon sensitivities or unusual medical histories, etc. Some drawbacks to drugs become apparent only when a very large population is taken them under more random circumstances. Many drugs - there was an arthritis medication only a few years back - have been pulled off the market because of ADRs that were not seen in the pre-approval demographic of users.

1 life would be too many when it is created by the revolving wheel of corruption which is the FDA.

Attempts to obfuscate are, per your usual, nothing more than an apologia for criminals.

Let's just outlaw all drugs then, since 1 life would be too many, according to you.

And surgery? Maybe they'll give you a stick to bite on, since general anesthesia does carry a risk of death.

Better hope that infection doesn't get bad. Things can go downhill fast when you see a red streak working it's way to the heart.

You say Revolving Wheel Of Corruption = FDA. The FDA is totally corrupt according to what YOU said. Therefore all decisions by that totally corrupt FDA are not just worthless, but intentionally harmful (because it's totally corrupt, right?) because it results in some people dying. Well, people die. The FDA is not there to prevent people from ever dying.

But I understand why you accuse them of total corruption. That's because everyone there would have to be In On It.

This page highlights the revolving door between U.S. government agencies, the U.S. Congress, and the pharmaceutical industry. The following former government officials now work at IFPMA, PhRMA, or law firms and lobbying firms that represent the pharmaceutical industry. The information on clients represented by the following individuals is heavily indebted to the Center for Responsive Politics website.

The Players		Government Employer		Private Sector Employer		Client(s) Represented
	Justin McCarthy		USTR - Assistant USTR for Congressional Affairs		Pfizer, Assistant Director of Government Relations
	Billy Tauzin		U.S. Congress		PhRMA, President
	Claude Burcky		USTR		Abbott Laboratories,
	Sean Darragh		USTR		Biotechnology Industry Organization, PhRMA		.
	Randall L. Tobias		White House - Global AIDS Coordinator		Eli Lilly		.
Michael Friedman		Food and Drug Administration, Acting Commissioner		PhRMA Pharmacia
	Donald Rumsfield		Secretary of Defense		Gilead, G. D. Searle		.
Deborah Steelman		White House Budget Director Advisor to George W. Bush campaign, President Bush Sr.'s Chairman of the Quadrennial Advisory Council on Social Security and Medicare, White House staff position in Reagan administrations		Eli Lilly, Steelman Health Industries		Aetna American Home Products Bristol Myers Squib Health Industry Manufacturers Association Humana Johnson and Johnson Pfizer PhRMA
Mitchell Daniels Jr.		Director, Office of Management and Budget		Eli Lilly		.
Raymond V. Gilmartin		Bush Transition Team for the Department of Health and Human Services		Merck		.
Anne Marie Lynch		Bush Transition Team for the Department of Health and Human Services		PhRMA		.
Bill Walters		Bush Transition Team for the Department of Health and Human Services		PhRMA		.
Gerald J. Mossinghoff		Assistant Secretary of Commerce, Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks		Oblon, Spivak, McClelland, Maier & Neustadt.		PhRMA
Dr. Harvey E. Bale, Jr		USTR		IFPMA		.
Alan F. Holmer		Deputy Assistant to the President for Intergovernmental Affairs, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Import Administration-Commerce Department, General Counsel-USTR, Deputy U.S. Trade Representative		PhRMA		.
Susan K. Finston		State		PhRMA		.
Daniel L. Spiegel		US Permanent Representative to the U.N., State, Legislative Assistant to Senator Hubert Humphrey and Senator Alan Cranston		Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, L.L.P.		American Home Products
Donald C. Alexander		Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Department of the Interior		Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, L.L.P.		Johnson & Johnson
S. Bruce Wilson		Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Intellectual Property, Services and Investment, Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Industry and Services, Staff Director-Subcommittee on Trade (House), Democratic Trade Counsel-Subcommittee on Trade (House)		Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, L.L.P.		American Home Products
Edward J. Allera		FDA		Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, L.L.P.		Johnson & Johnson
Frank J. Donatelli		USAID, Deputy Assistant to President Reagan for Public Liaison, Assistant to President Reagan for Political and Intergovernmental Affairs		Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, L.L.P.		Johnson & Johnson
Barney J. Skladany, Jr.		Department of Justice		Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, L.L.P.		Johnson & Johnson, Warner-Lambert
Thaddeus J. Burns		USPTO, U.S. Intellectual Property Attach�-USTR, Geneva		Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, L.L.P		.
Elizabeth A. Hyman		Special Assistant to Attorney General Janet Reno, Associate Counsel to Vice President Al Gore, Assistant Counsel-USTR,		Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, L.L.P		American Home Products
Howard H. Baker, Jr.	Senator (R-Tennessee), Chief of Staff to President Reagan	Baker, Donelson, Bearman & Caldwell	Schering-Plough
J. Keith Kennedy		Staff Director of the Committee on Appropriations for Senator Mark O. Hatfield (R-Oregon)	Baker, Donelson, Bearman & Caldwell	PhRMA, Schering-Plough
George C. Montgomery	U.S. Ambassador to Oman, Counsel to Senate Majority Leader Sen. Howard H. Baker (R-Tennessee), Legislative Staffer for Sen. Baker	Baker, Donelson, Bearman & Caldwell		Schering-Plough
John C. Tuck	Under Secretary-Department of Energy, Assistant to President Reagan, Deputy Assistant to the President for Legislative Affairs, Executive Assistant to the Chief of Staff	Baker, Donelson, Bearman & Caldwell	Schering-Plough
Peter Barton Hutt	Chief Counsel-FDA	Covington & Burling	PhRMA, Nonprescription Drug Manufacturers Association
Bruce N. Kuhlik	Department of Justice	Covington & Burling	Merck, PhRMA, and Nonprescription Drug Manufacturers Association
Jeanne S. Archibald		General Counsel-Department of Treasury, USTR	Hogan & Hartson, L.L.P.	PhRMA
Stephan E. Lawton	Chief Counsel of the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment of the United States House of Representatives	Hogan & Hartson, L.L.P.		Amgen, Genentech
Robert P. Brady	Associate Chief Counsel for Biologics-FDA, Executive Assistant to the Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration	Hogan & Hartson, L.L.P.	Genentech
Michael R Pollard	Federal Trade Commission	Michaels & Bonner, P.C	Merck
Thomas D. Parry		Chief of Staff and Chief Counsel to Senator Orrin G. Hatch (R-Utah)		Parry and Romani Associates		Abbott, American Home Products, Bristol- Myers Squibb, Glaxo-Wellcome, Hoechst Marion Roussel, Hoffman- LaRoche, ICN Pharmaceuticals, Interneuron Pharmaceuticals, Metagenics, Monsanto, Pfizer, PhRMA, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Schering-Plough, and SmithKline Beecham
Romano Romani		Legislative Director and Staff Director for Senator Vance Hartke (D-Indiana) and Senator Dennis DeConcini (D-Arizona)		Parry and Romani Associates		Abbott, American Home Products, Bristol- Myers Squibb, Glaxo-Wellcome, Hoechst Marion Roussel, Hoffman- LaRoche, ICN Pharmaceuticals, Interneuron Pharmaceuticals, Metagenics, Monsanto, Pfizer, PhRMA, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Schering-Plough, and SmithKline Beecham
Dennis DeConcini		Senator (D-Arizona)		Parry and Romani Associates		Abbott, American Home Products, Bristol- Myers Squibb, Glaxo-Wellcome, Hoechst Marion Roussel, ICN Pharmaceuticals, Interneuron Pharmaceuticals, Metagenics, Monsanto, Pfizer, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Schering-Plough, and SmithKline Beecham
Edward H. Baxter		Department of the Interior, Chief Counsel and Staff Director to the Subcommitte on Patents, Copyrights, and Trademarks, Counsel to Senate Judiciary Committee		Parry and Romani Associates		Abbott, American Home Products, Bristol- Myers Squibb, Glaxo-Wellcome, Hoechst Marion Roussel, Hoffman- LaRoche, ICN Pharmaceuticals, Interneuron Pharmaceuticals, Metagenics, Monsanto, Pfizer, PhRMA, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Schering-Plough, and SmithKline Beecham
	Jack W. Martin		FDA		Parry and Romani Associates		Abbott, American Home Products, Bristol- Myers Squibb, Glaxo-Wellcome, Hoechst Marion Roussel, ICN Pharmaceuticals, Interneuron Pharmaceuticals, Metagenics, Monsanto, Pfizer, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Schering-Plough, and SmithKline Beecham
Linda A. Skladany		OSHA, Special Assistant to President Reagan, Deputy Director of the White House Office of Public Liaison, Department of Transportation,Department of Education		Parry and Romani Associates		Abbott, American Home Products, Bristol- Myers Squibb, Glaxo-Wellcome, Hoechst Marion Roussel, Interneuron Pharmaceuticals, Metagenics, Monsanto, Pfizer, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Schering-Plough, and SmithKline Beecham
Shannon S. Davis		Legislative Assistant to Congressman Sam Johnson (R-TX)		Parry and Romani Associates		Abbott, American Home Products, Bristol- Myers Squibb, Hoechst Marion Roussel, Hoffman- LaRoche, Interneuron Pharmaceuticals, Metagenics, Monsanto, Pfizer, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Schering-Plough, and SmithKline Beecham
Judith A. Butler		Chief of Staff to three former Republican Members of Congress		Podesta.com		Genentech, Genzyme
Elizabeth A. Inadomi		Staff Counsel to the U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation, Counsel to the U.S. House Subcommittee on Space		Podesta.com		Genentech, PhRMA
Claudia James		Senior Legislative Assistant to Congressman Peter Peyser, Judiciary Legislative Assistant to Congressman Chris Dodd.		Podesta.com		Genentech, PhRMA
Drew Littman		Former policy director to Senator Barbara Boxer (D-California)		Podesta.com		Genentech, PhRMA
Anthony Podesta		Counsel to Senator Edward M. Kennedy (D-Massachusetts), Assistant U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia		Podesta.com		Genentech, Genzyme, PhRMA
Lee Skillington		USPTO		Powell, Goldstein, Frazer, & Murphy LLP		PhRMA
Jeffrey Kushan		USPTO, USTR		Powell, Goldstein, Frazer, & Murphy LLP		Merck
Barry B. Direnfeld		Chief Legislative Counsel to Sen. Howard M. Metzenbaum (D-Ohio), Chief Counsel and Staff Director of the Senate Judiciary Committee's Subcommittee on Antitrust, Monopolies, and Business Rights		Swidler Berlin Shereff Friedman LLP		Transkaryotic Therapies
Lester S. Hyman		U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Secretary of Commerce,Chairman of the Democratic Party of Massachusetts		Swidler Berlin Shereff Friedman LLP		Schering-Plough, SmithKline Beecham
H.P. Goldfield		Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Trade Development, Associate Counsel to the President, Assistant Counsel-White House		Swidler Berlin Shereff Friedman LLP		SmithKline Beecham, Transkaryotic Therapies
	Richard A. Popkin		Deputy for Policy to the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Trade Administration		Swidler Berlin Shereff Friedman LLP		SmithKline Beecham
Gary D. Slaiman		Chief counsel and Staff director for the U.S. Senate Labor and Human Resources Subcommittee on Labor, Counsel to the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Antitrust		Swidler Berlin Shereff Friedman LLP		Transkaryotic Therapies

Government Employer As a Member of the House of Representatives (R-LA), Billy Tauzin was the Chairman of the powerful House Energy and Commerce Committee. This committee was heavily involved in drafting the medicare drug benefit

Since 2003, Mr. McCarthy has served as Director of Government Relations for Pfizer. Prior to that, he was Assistant Director of Government Relations (2001-2003). During his time at Pfizer, Mr. McCarthy was responsible for international trade, intellectual property and tax issues. In addition to his corporate responsibilities, Mr. McCarthy served as Co-Chair of the Business Coalition for U.S.-Central America Trade which was charged with ensuring Congressional approval of DR-CAFTA.

Sean Darragh was a Principal Negotiator at the Office of U.S. Trade Representative where he managed the agricultural and life sciences division. He was Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense at the Pentagon, where he oversaw export policies into Latin America.

Deputy Vice President of International Affairs at the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) where he led advocacy, alliance development and public affairs initiatives in the United States and abroad on intellectual property and WTO matters. He left PhRMA in 2003 to join the Biotechnology Industry Organization as the Executive Director for BIO�s Food and Agriculture section.

Randall Tobas is the first United States Global AIDS Coordinator. This position is part of the Department of State, and carries the rank of Ambassador. On January 19, 2006 he was nominated to the position of Director of United States Foreign Assistance, and he is awaiting confirmation.

Donald Rumsfield is President Bush's Secretary of Defense. During the Ford Administration, he held the post of White House Cheif of Staff (1974-75) and then he became Ford's Secretary of Defense (1975-77).

From 1977 to 1985 he served as Chief Executive Officer, President, and then Chairman of G.D. Searle & Co. From 1993 to 2000, he was Chairman of Gilead Sciences.

Dr. Michael Friedman was the Acting Commissioner of the FDA from 1997-1998. He is also a reservist in the Public Health Service, where he once had the rank of Rear Admiral and Assistant Attorney General.

Dr. Michael Friedman is a Senior Vice President of the Pharmacia Corporation. He is also PhRMA's Chief Medical Officer for Biomedical Preparedness.

Mr. Daniels has been named by President Bush to head the Office of Management and Budget. In the past, he has worked as a senior advisor to Senator Richard Lugar and President Reagan.

Mr. Daniels joined Eli Lilly in 1990. In 1993 he became the company's president of North American pharmaceutical operations. In 1997, he was named senior vice president of corporate strategy and policy. Before joining Eli Lilly, he was the president and CEO of the Hudson Institute.

Mr. Gilmartin was appointed to the Bush/Cheney transition team for the Department of Healthand Human Services.

Mr. Gilmartin joined Merck in 1976, starting as the vice president of strategic planning. In 1994 he was named Chairman and CEO. Prior to his employment at Merck, he was Chairman and CEO of Becton Dickinson. Mr. Gilmartin is the current chairman of the Healthcare Institute of New Jersy and of the Valley Health System, Inc., as well as a former chairman of PhRMA. He is chairman of the Council on Competitiveness and is on the board of associates of the Harvard Business School. He is a director of The College Fund/UNCF, and a member of the Business Roundtable, the Business Council. He also sits on the boards of directors of General Mills, Inc. and the Public Service Enterprise Group, Inc.

Mr. Mossinghoff was a former Assistant Secretary of Commerce and Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks under the Reagan administration from 1981 to 1985. Mr. Mossinghoff claims he advised President Reagan on the establishment of the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. Mr. Mossinghoff represented the United States as Ambassador to the Diplomatic Conference on the Revision of the Paris Convention and as Chairman of the General Assembly of WIPO.

Mr. Gerald J. Mossinghoff is currently Senior Counsel for the law firm of Oblon, Spivak, McClelland, Maier & Neustadt. In 1998, Mr. Mossinghoff was a registered lobbyist for PhRMA. Prior to joining Oblon Spivak, Mr. Mossinghoff joined the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (PMA- now PhRMA) in 1985, as president.

Dr. Harvey E. Bale, Jr. worked at the United States Trade Representative (USTR) for twelve years.

Dr. Harvey E. Bale, Jr. is currently Director-General of the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Associations (IFPMA). IFPMA is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland and represents research-based pharmaceutical companies worldwide. Prior to his career at IFPMA, Harvey Bale was the Senior Vice-President of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA); he joined PhRMA in 1989.

Mr. Alan F. Holmer worked at USTR from 1985 to 1989. From 1985 to 1987, Alan Holmer served as General Counsel to U.S. Trade Representative Clayton Yeutter. From 1987 to 1989 Mr. Holmer served as the Deputy U.S. Trade Representative (with rank of Ambassador). Prior to joining USTR, Mr. Holmer served as the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Import Administration at the Commerce Department from 1983 to 1985. As an appointee of President Reagan, Mr. Holmer served as Deputy Assistant to the President for Intergovernmental Affairs from 1981 to 1983.

Alan F. Holmer is the President and C.E.O of PhRMA, a position he has held since July 1996. PhRMA is headquartered Washington, D.C. and represents America's research-based pharmaceutical and biotechnology corporations. Click here to view Mr. Holmer's letter (January 18, 2000) to Secretary Donna Shalala expressing PhRMA's displeasure with the WHO's draft resolution on HIV/AIDS. Prior to his tenure at PhRMA, Mr. Holmer worked at the law firm of Sidley & Austin; he joined Sidley & Austin in 1989.

Ms. Susan K. Finston worked at the State Department for thirteen years in the Office of Intellectual Property and Competition serving in Chicago, Washington DC, Tel Aviv, Manila and London,.

Ms. Finston is currently Assistant Vice President for Intellectual Property and Middle-East/Afican Affairs at PhRMA.

Mr. Daniel L. Spiegel served as United States Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1993 to 1996. In addition, Mr. Spiegel served as U.S. envoy to the World Health Organization, the World Intellectual Property Organization, the U.N. Conference on Trade and Development, the International Labor Organization, the International Telecommunications Union and the U.N. High Commission for Refugees. From 1978 to 1979, Mr. Spiegal was a member of the State Department's Policy Planning staff from 1978 to 1979. From 1977 to 1978, Mr. Spiegel served as special assistant to Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance. Prior to joining the State Department, Mr. Spiegel served as foreign policy legislative assistant to the late Senator Hubert H. Humphrey from 1971 to 1976 Earlier in his career, Mr. Spiegel was legislative assistant to Senator Alan Cranston from 1969 to 1971.

Mr. Spiegel is currently a partner at the law firm of Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, L.L.P (Washington, D.C. office). Akin Gump's clients include American Home Products, Pfizer, PhRMA, and Warner-Lambert. In 1998, Mr. Spiegel was a registered lobbyist for American Home Products.

Mr. Donald C. Alexander served as Commissioner of Internal Revenue from 1973 to 1977. After his tenure as Commissioner, Mr. Alexander served on the Commission on Federal Paperwork from 1975 to 1977. From 1983 to 1984, Mr. Alexander served on the Interior Department's Coal Leasing Commission. From 1993 to 1996, he was a Commissioner of the Martin Luther King Jr. Federal Holiday Commission; and from 1987 to 1989 as Chairman of the Internal Revenue Service Exempt Organizations Advisory Group.

Mr. Alexander is currently a partner in the tax section of Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, L.L.P. (Washington, D.C. office). Akin Gump's clients include American Home Products, Pfizer, PhRMA, and Warner-Lambert. In 1998, Mr. Alexander was a registered lobbyist for Johnson & Johnson.

Mr. S Bruce Wilson worked almost 17 years at USTR. His career at USTR included a posting as Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Intellectual Property, Services and Investment (a position currently held by Joseph Papovich), and a posting as Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Industry and Services. In this capacity, Mr. Wilson headed U.S. delegations on intellectual property at the Uruguay Round negotiations. Mr. Wilson was involved in the establishment of the USTR Mission in Geneva. After his career in USTR, Mr. Wilson worked for the Ways and Means Committeee of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1991 to 1998. Mr. Wilson first served as Staff Director to the Subcommittee on Trade; he then served as Democatic Trade Counsel.

Bruce Wilson is currently a partner at the law firm of Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, L.L.P (Washington, D.C. office). Akin Gump's clients include American Home Products, Pfizer, PhRMA, and Warner-Lambert. In 1998, Mr. Wilson was a registered lobbyist for American Home Products.

Mr. Edward J. Allera was Associate Chief Counsel for Enforcement at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from 1974 to 1978.

Mr. Allera is currently a partner at the law firm of Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, L.L.P (Washington, D.C. office). Akin Gump's clients include American Home Products, Pfizer, PhRMA, and Warner-Lambert. In 1998, Mr. Allera was an official lobbyist for Johnson & Johnson.

Mr. Frank J. Donatelli served as head of the Afica Bureau of USAID in 1983. From March 1984 until May 1985, Mr. Donatelli was Deputy Assistant to the President for Public Liaison at the White House. During the fall of 1984, he served on White House Chief of Staff James Baker's team that negotiated the presidential debates. From March 1987 to January 1989, Mr. Donatelli served as Assistant to President Reagan for Political and Intergovernmental Affairs. Earlier in his career, Mr. Donatelli worked for Ronald Reagan's presidential campaign from 1979 to 1980.

Mr. Donatelli is currently a partner at the law firm of Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, L.L.P (Washington, D.C. office). Akin Gump's clients include American Home Products, Pfizer, PhRMA, and Warner-Lambert. In 1998, Mr. Donatelli was a registered lobbyist for PhRMA.

Mr. J. Skladany, Jr. worked at the Criminal Division of the U.S. Department of Justice from 1970 to 1971.

Mr. Skladany is currently a partner at the law firm of Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, L.L.P (Washington, D.C. office). Akin Gump's clients include American Home Products, Pfizer, PhRMA, and Warner-Lambert. In 1998, Mr. Skladany was a registered lobbyist for Johnson

Mr. Thaddeus Burns worked for the USTR Mission in Geneva as U.S. Intellectual Property Attaché. As Intellectual Property Attaché, Mr. Burns served as the principal legal advisor to the USTR-Geneva office and the U.S. Mission to the United Nations. Mr. Burns represented the United States before WIPO and the WTO in addition to participating in U.S. delegations to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Prior to joining USTR, Mr. Burns was an Associate Solicitor at USPTO.

Thaddeus Burns is currently counsel for the law firm of Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, L.L.P. Mr. Burns works at the public law and policy section of Akin Gump in Brussels, Belgium. Akin Gump's clients include American Home Products, Pfizer, PhRMA, and Warner-Lambert. Mr. Burns' specialty is international intellectual property law-especially on issues pertaining to TRIPS and WIPO.Previously, he was an associate at at the law firm of Jones, Day, Reavis & Washington, D.C.

Ms. Elizabeth A. Hyman was an Assistant Counsel at USTR from June 1997 through May 1998. Prior to joining USTR, Ms. Hyman was Associate Counsel to Vice President Al Gore (November 1996 to May 1997), Chief of Staff of the Violence Against Women Office at the Department of Justice (May to November 1996), and a Special Assistant U.S. Attorney in the Eastern District of Virginia (November 1995 to May 1996). From September 1994 to November 1995, Ms. Hyman served as Special Assistant to Attorney General Janet Reno. Prior to her career in Washington, Ms. Hyman was an Assistant Attorney General and Press Officer for Massachusetts Attorney General Scott Harshbarger (June 1992 to June 1994).

Ms. Hyman is currently an associate law firm of Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, L.L.P. (Washington, D.C. office). Akin Gump's clients include American Home Products, Pfizer, PhRMA, and Warner-Lambert. In 1998, Ms. Hyman was a registered lobbyist for American Home Products.

Former Senator Howard H. Baker, Jr. (R-Tennessee) served in the U.S. Senate between 1967 to 1985. Mr. Baker served as Vice Chairman of the Senate Watergate Committee (1973), Senate Minority Leader (1977-1981), Senate Majority Leader (1981-1985), and Chief of Staff to the President (February 1987 to July 1988).

Mr. Baker is currently the head of the Public Policy and Regulatory practice of Baker, Donelson, Bearman & Caldwell. Baker Donelson's clients include PhRMA and Schering Plough. In 1998, Mr. Baker was a registered lobbyist for Schering-Plough.

Mr. J. Keith Kennedy was Staff Director of the Committee on Appropriations for Senator Mark O. Hatfield (R-Oregon).

Mr. Kennedy is currently a Senior Public Policy Advisor at Baker, Donelson, Bearman & Caldwell (Washington, D.C. office). In 1998, Mr. Kennedy was a registered lobbyist for PhRMA and Schering Plough.

Mr. George C. Montgomery served as U.S. Ambassador to Oman from 1985 to 1989. From 1981 to 1985, Mr. Montgomery was Counsel to Senate Majority Leader Sen. Howard H. Baker, Jr., and Legislative Staffer for Sen. Baker from 1975 to 1980.

Mr. Montgomery is currently an attorney at Baker, Donelson, Bearman & Caldwell (Washington, D.C. office). In 1998, Mr. Montgomery was a registered lobbyist for Schering Plough.

Mr. John C. Tuck served as Under Secretary for the Department of Energy from 1989 to 1992. Mr. Tuck served as Assistant to the President from 1986 to 1989. From 1981 to 1986, Mr. Tuck served the the executive and legislative branches in various capacities including positions as Deputy Assistant to the President for Legislative Affairs, Depute Assistant to the President and Executive Assistant to the Chief of Staff, and Special Assistant to the President for Legislative Affairs -U.S. Senate.

Mr. Tuck is currently an attorney at Baker, Donelson, Bearman & Caldwell (Washington, D.C. office). In 1998, Mr. Tuck was a registered lobbyist for Schering Plough.

Mr. Hutt is currently a partner at the law firm of Covington & Burling. In 1998, Mr. Hutt was a registered lobbyist for PhRMA and the Nonprescription Drug Manufacturers Association .

Mr. Bruce N. Kuhlik served as Assistant to the Solicitor General in the U.S. Department of Justice from 1984 to 1986..

Mr. Kuhlik is currently a partner at the law firm of Covington & Burling. In 1998, Mr. Kuhlick was a registered lobbyist for Merck, PhRMA and the Nonprescription Drug Manufacturers Association .

Ms. Jeanne S. Archibald served as the General Counsel of the United States Department of the Treasury. As General Counsel, Ms. Jeanne Archibald was chief legal officer of the the Department of Treasury and its ten subordinate bureaus. Prior to her tenure in the U.S. Treasury Department, Ms. Archibald served at USTR supervising Special 301 proceedings. Prior to her tenure at USTR, Ms. Archibald served on the staff of the House of Representative's Ways and Means Commitee.

Ms. Archibald is currently a partner at the law firm of Hogan & Hartson L.L.P. In 1998, Ms. Archibald was a registered lobbyist for PhRMA.

Mr. Stephan E. Lawton served as Chief Counsel of the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment of the United States House of Representatives (1971-1979).

Mr. Lawton is currently a partner at the law firm of Hogan & Hartson L.L.P. In 1998, Mr. Lawton was a registered lobbyist for Amgen & Genentech.

Mr. Robert P. Brady served in many positions in the US FDA including Associate Chief Counsel for Biologics; Associate Chief Counsel for Foods; and Associate Chief Counsel for Enforcement (1975-1981). From 1981 to 1983, Mr. Brady was Executive Assistant to the Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration.

Mr. Brady is currently a partner at the law firm of Hogan & Hartson L.L.P. In 1998, Mr. Lawton was a registered lobbyist for Genentech.

Mr. Michael R. Pollard served as attorney advisor for health policy and assistant director of the Bureau of Consumer Protection at the Federal Trade Commission.

Mr. Pollard is currently a partner at the law firm of Michaels & Bonner, P.C. In 1998, Mr. Pollard was a registered lobbyist for Merck. Prior to joining Michaels & Bonner, Mr. Pollard directed policy development and planning for the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association

Mr. Thomas D. Parry served as Chief of Staff and Chief Counsel to Senator Orrin G. Hatch (R-Utah) for seven years.

Mr. Parry is currently Vice President and Secretary-Treasurer of Parry, Romani, and DeConcini, Inc.- a Washington, DC based lobbying firm. In 1998, Mr. Parry was a registered lobbyist for Abbott, American Home Products, Bristol- Myers Squibb, Glaxo-Wellcome, Hoechst Marion Roussel, Hoffman- LaRoche, ICN Pharmaceuticals, Interneuron Pharmaceuticals, Metagenics, Monsanto, Pfizer, PhRMA, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Schering-Plough, and SmithKline Beecham.

Dr. Romano Romani served as Legislative Director and Staff Director to Senator Vance Hartke (D-Indiana) and Dennis DeConcini (D-Arizona) for ten years.

Dr. Romani is currently President of Parry, Romani, and DeConcini, Inc.- a Washington, D.C. based lobbying firm. In 1998, Dr. Romani was a registered lobbyist fro Abbott, American Home Products, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Glaxo-Wellcome, Hoechst Marion Roussel, Hoffman- LaRoche, ICN

Former Senator Dennis DeConcini (D-Arizona) served in the U.S. Senate for ten years. In this capacity, DeConcini served on the

Mr. DeConcini is currently a partner at Parry, Romani, and DeConcini, Inc.- a Washington, D.C. based lobbying firm. In 1998, Mr. DeConncini was a registered lobbyist for Abbott, American Home Products, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Glaxo-Wellcome, Hoechst Marion Roussel, ICN Pharmaceuticals, Interneuron Pharmaceuticals, Metagenics, Monsanto, Pfizer, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Schering-Plough, and SmithKline Beecham.

Mr. Edward H. Baxter served as counsel to the Senate Judiciary Committee, including a three year tenure as Chief Counsel and Staff Director to the Subcommittee on Patent, Copyrights and Trademarks. Prior to his career on the Hill, Mr. Baxter was an attorney with the Department of Interior.

Mr. Baxter is currently Vice President for Government Relations at Parry, Romani, and DeConcini, Inc.- a Washington, D.C. based lobbying firm. In 1998, Mr. Baxter was a registered lobbyist for Abbott, American Home Products, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Glaxo-Wellcome, Hoechst Marion Roussel, Hoffman- LaRoche, ICN Pharmaceuticals, Interneuron Pharmaceuticals, Metagenics, Monsanto, Pfizer, PhRMA, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Schering-Plough, and SmithKline Beecham.

Mr. Jack W. Martin served as Associate Commissioner for Public Affairs at the FDA. After his tenure as Associate Commissioner for Public Affairs, Mr. Martin served as Special Assistant to the Commissioner for Policy under Commissioners Frank Young and David Kessler.

Mr. Martin is currently Vice President for Federal Relations at Parry, Romani, and DeConcini, Inc.- a Washington, D.C. based lobbying firm. In 1998, Mr. Martin was a registered lobbyist for Abbott, American Home Products, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Glaxo-Wellcome, Hoechst Marion Roussel, ICN Pharmaceuticals, Interneuron Pharmaceuticals, Metagenics, Monsanto, Pfizer, Pharmacia & Upjohn, Schering-Plough, and SmithKline Beecham.

In the first term of the Reagan Administration, Ms. Linda A. Skladany worked as a Special Assistant to the Secretary of Education and to the United States Attorney General. After her tenure as Special Assistant, Ms. Skladany joined the United States Department of Transportation as Director of the Executive Secretariat under then Secretary Elizabeth Dole. In 1985, she joined President Reagan's White House staff where she served as Special Assistant to the President and Deputy Director of the White House Office of Public Liaison. In 1988, Ms. Sladany she was appointed by Presidents Reagan and Bush, respectively, as Commissioner and Acting Chairman of the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHA).

Ms. Skladany is currently Vice President for Congressional Relations at Parry, Romani, and DeConcini, Inc.- a Washington, D.C. based lobbying firm. In 1998, Ms. Skladany was a registered lobbyist for Abbott, American Home Products, Bristol-

Ms. Shannos S. Davis served as a legislative assistant during the 102nd and 103rd Congresses to Congressman Sam Johnson (R-Texas).

Ms. Davis is currently Director, Congressional Affairs at Parry, Romani, and DeConcini, Inc.- a Washington, D.C. based lobbying firm. In 1998, Ms. Davis was a registered lobbyist for Abbott, American Home Products, Bristol-

Ms. Judith Butler was former chief of staff to three Republican Members of Congress and served in the Reagan White House.

Ms. Butler is currently a Principal at Podesta.com, a Washington, D.C. based lobbying firm. In 1998, Ms. Butler was a registered lobbyist for Genentech and Genzyme.

Ms. Elizabeth A. Inadomi was Staff Counsel to the U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation for Senator Ernest Hollings and Senator Jay Rockefeller and Counsel to the U.S. House Subcommittee on Space for the late Rep. George Brown and Rep. Ralph Hall.

Ms. Inadomi is currently a Principal at Podesta.com, a Washington, D.C. based lobbying firm. In 1998, Ms. Inadomi was a registered lobbyist for Genentech and PhRMA.

Ms. Claudia James was Senior Legislative Assistant to Congressman Peter Peyser and Judiciary Legislative Assistant to Congressman Chris Dodd.

Ms. James is currently President of Podesta.com, a Washington, D.C. based lobbying firm. In 1998, Ms. James was a registered lobbyist for Genentech and PhRMA.

Mr. Anthony T. Podesta was counsel to Senator Edward M. Kennedy and Assistant U.S. Attorney for the District of Columbia

Mr. Podesta is currently Chairman of of Podesta.com, a Washington, D.C. based lobbying firm. In 1998, Mr. Podesta was a registered lobbyist for Genentech, Genzyme and PhRMA.

Mr. Lee Skillington was Senior Counsel at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in the Office of Legislative and International Affairs.

Lee Skillington is currently a partner in the law firm of Powell, Goldstein, Frazer, & Murphy LLP where he works on intellectual property issues. Powell Golstein's clients include Genentech and PhRMA. An example of Mr. Skillington's work in the private sector is evidenced in a memo (obtained through a FOIA request to USPTO) dated February 2, 2000, where Mr. Skillington and his colleague Jeff Kushan (see below), advised Carlos A. Silva (PhRMA) on the technical aspects of the Brazilian Presidential decree (Decree 3,201) permitting compulsory licensing (For more detail on Brazilian industrial property law see: http://www.cptech.org/ip/health/c/brazil/). In the memo, Messrs. Skillington and Kushan made recommendations to USTR on the position the U.S. Government should take on Decree 3,201.

Mr. Jeffrey Kushan spent over ten years with the USPTO, including a two-year assignment with USTR in Geneva, Switzerland (1995-1997). While serving in the USTR-Geneva office, Mr. Kushan participated in WTO dispute settlement proceedings against India and Pakistan (involving patent term protection for pharmaceuticals).

Jeffrey Kushan is currently a partner in the law firm of Powell, Goldstein, Frazer, & Murphy LLP where he works on intellectual property and TRIPS issues. Mr. Kushan represented Merck at the CPT/HAI/MSF Compulsory Licensing conference in Geneva (March 1999) at Thaddeus Burns' insistence (see above). Powell Golstein's clients include Genentech and PhRMA.

Mr. Barry B. Direnfeld served as Chief Legislative Counsel to Senator Howard M. Metzenbaum, and Chief Counsel and Staff Director of the Senate Judiciary Committee's Subcommittee on Antitrust, Monopolies, and Business Rights.

Mr. Direnfeld is currently a partner in the law firm of Swidler Berlin Sherrif Friedman. In 1998, Mr. Direnfeld was a registered lobbyist for Transkaryotic Therapies.

A protege of John F. Kennedy., Mr. Lester S. Hyman served in the U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission, After his tenure at the S.E.C., Mr. Hyman worked at the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. After his tenure at HUD, Mr. Hyman served as Secretary of Commerce. After this appointment, Mr. Hyman served as Chairman of the Democratic Party of Massachusetts.

Mr. Hyman is currently of Counsel at the law firm of Swidler Berlin Sherrif Friedman. Mr. Hyman is a founding partner of Swidler Berlin. In 1998, Mr. Hyman was a registered lobbyist for Schering-Plough and SmithKline Beecham.

Mr. H.P. Goldfield served as Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Trade Development. Prior to his tenure in the Commerce Department, Mr. Goldfield served as Associate Counsel to the President (1982-83) and as Assistant Counsel-White House (1981-82).

Mr. Goldfield is currently a partner at the law firm of Swidler Berlin Sherrif Friedman. In 1998, Mr. Goldfield was a registered lobbyist for SmithKline Beecham and Transkaryotic Therapies.

Mr. Richard A. Popkin served as senior export control policy advisor to the Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade, and as Deputy for Policy to the Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Trade Administration (1983-1987).

Mr. Popkin is currently a partner at the law firm of Swidler Berlin Sherrif Friedman. In 1998, Mr. Popkin was a registered lobbyist for SmithKline Beecham.

Mr. Gary D. Slaiman served as Chief Counsel and Staff Director for the U.S. Senate Labor and Human Resources Subcommittee on Labor. Prior to his tenure on the Labor Subcommitee, Mr. Slaiman was Counsel to the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Antitrust.

Mr. Slaiman is currently a partner at the law firm of Swidler Berlin Sherrif Friedman. In 1998, Mr. Goldfield was a registered lobbyist for Transkaryotic Therapies

Why Learn about Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR)?

Over 2 MILLION serious ADRs yearly

100,000 DEATHS yearly

ADRs 4th leading cause of death ahead of pulmonary disease, diabetes, AIDS, pneumonia, accidents and automobile deaths

Ambulatory patients ADR rate—unknown

Nursing home patients ADR rate— 350,000 yearly

Revolving door between the US Government and Industry