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Title: Why Does Alzheimer's Disease Affect Twice as Many Women as Men?
Source: [None]
URL Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/09/120905110931.htm
Published: Sep 5, 2012
Author: staff
Post Date: 2012-09-06 04:46:06 by Tatarewicz
Keywords: None
Views: 119
Comments: 6

ScienceDaily (Sep. 5, 2012) — A group of experts has developed consensus recommendations for future research directions to determine why nearly two-thirds of Americans with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are women. The recommendations are published in a Roundtable discussion in Journal of Women's Health, a peer-reviewed publication from Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers.

An estimated 5.4 million Americans are affected by AD and related dementias, and that number will likely rise to 11-16 million people by the year 2050 if no effective cures or preventive measures are developed. The main risk factors for AD are age and sex, with affected women outnumbering men 2 to 1. This may be due at least in part to the fact that women tend to live longer.

An interdisciplinary roundtable of experts convened by the Society for Women's Health Research (Washington, DC) led to a set of recommendations to help guide future AD research and make the evaluation of sex and gender differences a component of future studies. The consensus recommendations encompass seven themes, including the need to assess the link between sex and AD incidence, raise awareness of sex differences among the research community, and to take into account sex-based differences in the experimental design and data analysis of studies on disease risk, early diagnosis, and drug discovery.

"There are still major gaps in our knowledge of the role of sex and gender in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease, and these recommendations will provide a useful guide for future research in this area," says Susan G. Kornstein, MD, Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Women's Health, Executive Director of the Virginia Commonwealth University Institute for Women's Health, Richmond, VA, and President of the Academy of Women's Health.

Poster Comment:

Women rely more on intuition than on cognition so have less development of prefrontal cortex; don't drink as much beer.

Post Comment   Private Reply   Ignore Thread  

#1. To: Tatarewicz (#0)

Women rely more on intuition than on cognition so have less development of prefrontal cortex; don't drink as much beer.

I think that is a myth. There are many women that are alcoholics out there.

And alcohol would increase the chance of getting Alzheimer’s, not lower it, since it kills brain cells.

God is always good!

RickyJ  posted on  2012-09-06   4:59:58 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  

Why Does Alzheimer's Disease Affect Twice as Many Women as Men?

Its genetic.

---------------------

Women Have Higher Genetic Risk of Alzheimer's By Michael Smith, North American Correspondent, MedPage Today Published: June 15, 2012 Reviewed by Robert Jasmer, MD; Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco and Dorothy Caputo, MA, BSN, RN, Nurse Planner

Action Points A major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, the E4 variant of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, manifests itself more often in women than in men. Note that the sex difference was also apparent, in a separate cohort, in levels of the Alzheimer's-associated protein tau in cerebrospinal fluid. A major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease – the E4 variant of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene -- manifests itself more often in women than in men, researchers reported.

In a cohort of cognitively healthy older men and women, carrying the E4 variant was associated with deficits in brain connectivity in women, but not in men, according to Michael Greicius, MD, of the Stanford University School of Medicine in Palo Alto, Calif., and colleagues.

The sex difference was also apparent, in a separate cohort, in levels of the Alzheimer's-associated protein tau in cerebrospinal fluid, Greicius and colleagues reported in the June 13 issue of the Journal of Neuroscience.

It has long been known that more women than men will eventually develop the disease, and the new findings may help explain why, Greicius said in a statement.

"This disparate impact of ApoE4 status on women versus men might account for a big part of the skewed gender ratio," he said.

It might also have implications for prognosis, he and colleagues noted, in that men who carry the E4 variant should not be assumed to be at higher than normal risk of Alzheimer's.

Greicius and colleagues conducted functional-connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI) on 131 healthy people, with a median age of 70, to examine connections in the brain's so-called default mode network.

The default mode network is in play when a person is awake but not focused on a task. Greicius and colleagues have previously shown that elements of the network – which usually have a synchronous firing pattern – are less tightly linked in Alzheimer's and the linkage deteriorates as the disease progresses.

The volunteers were all cognitively healthy, and genetic testing showed that 43 carried at least one copy of the E4 variant, while the rest had two copies of the E3 allele. The other variant, E2, appear to protect against Alzheimer's and so volunteers carrying it were excluded from the study.

Greicius and colleagues found that – as expected -- carrying at least one copy of the E4 variant was associated with "significantly decreased connectivity" in the default mode network, compared with volunteers carrying two copies of the E3 variant.

But further testing showed an interaction of the APOE genotype and sex, Greicius and colleagues reported. Specifically:

In a large region including the cuneal cortex, precuneus, and posterior cingulate gyrus, the loss of connectivity was greater in women carrying an E4 variant than in those with two copies of E3. Male E4 carriers showed decreased posterior default mode connectivity only in a small cluster in the left superior parietal cortex compared with men carrying two copies of the E3 variant. And women carrying E4 showed reduced functional connectivity compared with male E4 carriers in the cuneus/precuneus cluster of the posterior default mode network. To confirm the findings, the researchers turned to a second cohort – participants in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative who were cognitively healthy and had data on cerebrospinal measurements.

As in the original cohort, volunteers carrying the E2 variant were excluded, leaving 93 participants, including 26 who carried either one or two copies of the E4 variant.

Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid showed an interaction of sex and APOE genotype that was significant at P=0.024.

Specifically, the total tau levels were highest in female E4 carriers, at an average of 99 picograms per milliliter, and lowest in women with two copies of the E3 variant, at 65 picograms per milliliter on average. The difference was significant at P=0.046.

"It was only possible to see these differences in tau levels when we separated the patients by gender," Greicius said.

There were no significant differences between male E4 carriers and those with two copies of E3, between female and male E4 carriers, or between women and men carrying two copies of the E3 variant.

Ada  posted on  2012-09-06   6:05:37 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  

Women live longer than men and until recently didn't serve in combat, nor did they operate in what are generally considered male dominated occupations that require strength not possessed by females or are dangerous .

Many men die before they get alzheimers ( just guessing).

"In an unjust society, the only place for a just man is prison."

Thoreau

noone222  posted on  2012-09-06   6:30:19 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  

Most women are addled.

Lysander_Spooner  posted on  2012-09-06   10:00:40 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  

Women start out crazy, so they don't have all that far to go to reach dementia.

Critter  posted on  2012-09-06   10:17:06 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  

Women start out crazy, so they don't have all that far to go to reach dementia.

In one of the Addams Family movies, Fester's girlfriend was named Dementia.

I sense a disturbance in the farce. Much gnashing will ensue.

Turtle  posted on  2012-09-06   23:00:26 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  

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