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Science/Tech See other Science/Tech Articles Title: Why is the scientific world abuzz about an unpublished paper? Because it could permanently change human DNA Scientists around the world are buzzing about a highly anticipated study that has yet to be published but could mark a major milestone in genetic and embryonic research. Leah Hennel/Calgary HeraldScientists around the world are buzzing about a highly anticipated study that has yet to be published but could mark a major milestone in genetic and embryonic research. Scientists around the world are anticipating the results of a Chinese study that would mark the first time DNA in a human embryo has been modified in a way that would carry into future generations. Although the embryos would be for study only, and not intended for implantation, the research would mark a significant milestone: the first time human DNA had been altered so substantially that it would change the “germ line” — the eggs or sperm of any child produced from the embryo. Sandy Huffaker / Getty Images Sandy Huffaker / Getty ImagesA donated human embryo magnified. Theoretically that could allow parents in the not-too-distant future to essentially clean their own eggs and sperm of undesired genes — such as ones known to cause cancer — and prevent those genes from being passed on to grandchildren and great-grandchildren. To say that we’re far away I think would be naive, to embrace it right away without proper testing would also be naive As scientists debate the practicalities and ethics in journals and online, one expert says he believes the results will land soon. “There is a paper from China. I don’t think it’s been accepted yet, but I think it will be at some point,” said George Church, a Harvard genetics professor who pioneered genome sequencing in his PhD. He may have some insider insight as well, as one of his researchers, Luhan Yang, was poached from Beijing and is thought to have worked on the forthcoming paper. Genetics research is already improving medicine, for example, informing women if they are more likely to develop breast or ovarian cancer. Scientists can sequence the human genome and parse it, find out where it goes wrong, and use that information to prevent, treat and even cure certain diseases, with implications for everything from autism to ALS. But there’s a big difference between gene therapy — a growing field of largely clinical research that uses genes in treatment — and altering the germ line. That’s because current gene therapies make “somatic” changes to DNA, or ones that don’t affect eggs and sperm or embryos. There are about 2,000 gene-therapy studies underway around the world, Church said. One clinical trial is seeking to turn off the genes that make the body susceptible to the HIV virus. Another pending trial out of the University of Alberta seeks to alter genes in men to stop the progression of a degenerative eye disease that leaves sufferers legally blind by middle age. In terms of changing the germ line, “we are very close,” Church said. “In animal models, you can make animal sperm that has whatever alteration that you want. To say that we’re far away I think would be naive, to embrace it right away without proper testing would also be naive.” With the medical advancements come concerns of “designer babies” or a 21st-century version of eugenics. The science is moving much faster than the ethics “The science is moving much faster than the ethics,” said Kerry Bowman, a bioethicist at the University of Toronto. Germ-line research “does get into deeper questions of eugenics, especially with spectrum disorders,” he said. “We’ve got to take a deep breath because we’re about to alter the human genetic code in a way that it’s never been altered before.” In fact, in March, a group of leading biologists called for a worldwide moratorium on such research. Church said however that the concern over germ-line therapies is not unlike the fear in the 1970s over “test-tube babies.” In vitro fertilization is now so common that some provinces cover its health-care costs. Related Why survival of the fittest might have actually been survival of the richest 12,000 years ago The science taboo: There may be genetic realities to race, but not along the lines we expect It could also be considered a medical evolution. Vaccines and antibiotics were developed to prevent and cure diseases. Now genetic testing and even embryo selection could be used to tackle the likes of Tay-Sachs disease and Huntington’s disease, he said. AP Photo/PA, Ben Birchall, File AP Photo/PA, Ben Birchall, FileScientists can already check embryos for deadly genetic illnesses, but could they soon be allowed to permanently modify them as well? Twentieth-century eugenics, practised horrifically in Nazi Germany, and also in America into the 1960s, was “not trying to make people healthy,” Church said. “The problem was that the government was sterilizing people against their will,” he said. “That is not what is on the table today. What is on the table today is allowing parents to make decisions about their child’s health, which is very similar to other decisions they make which involve unnatural things … like sending them to school … and giving them iPhones … These things augment them, and make them less like their ancestors.” Post Comment Private Reply Ignore Thread Top • Page Up • Full Thread • Page Down • Bottom/Latest Begin Trace Mode for Comment # 1.
#1. To: Tatarewicz (#0)
Busting Nazis again. They were just doing it a minute again on Coast to Coast AM! Fascinating article -- bless the beasts and children.
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