[Home] [Headlines] [Latest Articles] [Latest Comments] [Post] [Sign-in] [Mail] [Setup] [Help]
Status: Not Logged In; Sign In
|
Religion See other Religion Articles Title: The 70th Anniversary of the Bombing of Nagasaki Unwelcome Truths for Church and State 70 years ago (August 9, 1945) an all-Christian bomber crew dropped a plutonium bomb over Nagasaki City, Japan, instantly vaporizing, incinerating or otherwise annihilating tens of thousands of innocent civilians, a disproportionately large number of them Japanese Christians. The explosion mortally wounded uncountable thousands of other victims who succumbed to the blast, the intense heat and/or the radiation. In 1945, the US was regarded as the most Christian nation in the world (that is, if you can label as truly Christian a nation whose churches are proponents of eye-for-an-eye retaliation, are supportive of America’s military and economic exploitation of other nations or otherwise fail to sincerely teach or adhere to the ethics of Jesus as taught in the Sermon on the Mount). Ironically, prior to the bomb exploding nearly directly over the Urakami Cathedral at 11:02 AM, Nagasaki was the most Christian city in Japan, and the massive cathedral was the largest Christian church in the Orient. Those baptized and confirmed Christian airmen, following their wartime orders to the letter, did their job efficiently, and they accomplished the mission with military pride, albeit with an astonishing number of near-fatal glitches in the mission. Most of us Americans would have done what the crew did if we had been in the shoes of the Bock’s Car crew. And, if we had never seen, heard or smelled the suffering humanity that the bomb caused on the ground, and if we had been treated as heroes in the aftermath, most of us would have experienced no remorse for our participation in what was retrospectively universally regarded as a war crime. Indeed, the use of the most monstrous weapons of mass destruction in the history of warfare, was later defined by the Nuremberg Tribunal as an international war crime and a crime against humanity. Of course, there was no way that the crew members knew that at the time of the mission. Some of the crew did admit that they had had some doubts about what they had participated in after the bomb actually detonated. But none of them actually witnessed the horrific suffering of the victims up close and personal. “Orders are orders” and disobedience in wartime is severely punishable, even by summary execution, so the crew obeyed the orders. Making It Hard for Japan To Surrender It had been only 3 days since the August 6th bomb had incinerated Hiroshima. The Nagasaki bomb was dropped amidst massive chaos and confusion in Tokyo, where the fascist military command was just beginning a meeting with the Emperor to discuss how to surrender with honor. The military and civilian leadership of both nations had known for months that Japan had lost the war. The only obstacle to ending the war had been the Allied Powers insistence on unconditional surrender, which meant that the Emperor Hirohito would have been removed from his figurehead position in Japan and perhaps even subjected to war crime trials. That demand was intolerable for the Japanese, who regarded the Emperor as a deity. The USSR had declared war against Japan the day before (August 8), hoping to regain territories lost to Japan in the humiliating (for Russia) Russo-Japanese War 40 years earlier, and Stalin’s army was now advancing across Manchuria. Russia’s entry into the war had been encouraged by President Truman before he knew of the success of the atom bomb test in New Mexico on July 16. But now, Truman and his strategists knew that the bomb could elicit Japan’s surrender without Stalin’s help. So, not wanting to divide any of the spoils of war with the USSR, and because the US wanted to send an early cold war message to Russia that the US was the new planetary superpower, Truman ordered bomber command to proceed with using the atomic bombs as weather permitted and as they became available (although no more fissionable material was actually available to make a fourth bomb). The Decision To Target Nagasaki August 1, 194,5 was the earliest deployment date for the Japanese bombing missions, and the Target Committee in Washington, D.C. had already developed a list of relatively un-damaged Japanese cities that were to be excluded from the conventional USAAF (US Army Air Force) fire-bombing campaigns (that, during the first half of 1945, had used napalm to burn to the ground over 60 essentially defenseless Japanese cities). The list of protected cities included Hiroshima, Niigata, Kokura, Kyoto and Nagasaki. Those five cities were to be off-limits to the terror bombings that the other cities were being subjected to. They were to be preserved as potential targets for the new “gimmick” weapon that had been researched and developed in labs and manufacturing plants all across America over the several years since the Manhattan Project had begun. Ironically, prior to August 6 and 9, the residents of those five cities considered themselves lucky for not having been bombed as had the other large cities. Little did the residents of Hiroshima and Nagasaki know that they were only being temporarily spared from an even worse carnage in an experiment with a new weapon that could cause the mass destruction of entire cities that were populated with hundreds of thousands of live human guinea pigs. The Trinity Test The first and only field test of an atomic bomb had been blasphemously code-named “Trinity” (a distinctly Christian term). That experiment had occurred in secrecy 3 weeks earlier at Alamogordo, New Mexico, on July 16, 1945. The results were impressively destructive, but the blast had just killed a few hapless coyotes, rabbits, snakes and some other desert varmints. That plutonium bomb at Alamogordo had been identical to the Nagasaki bomb. Trinity also produced huge amounts of an entirely new type of rock that was later called “Trinitite”. Trinitite was a radioactive molten lava rock that had been created from an intense heat that was twice the temperature of the sun. At 3 am on the morning of August 9, 1945, a B-29 Superfortress bomber (that had been “christened” Bock’s Car) took off from Tinian Island in the South Pacific, with the prayers and blessings of the crew’s Lutheran and Catholic chaplains. Barely making it off the runway before the heavily loaded plane went into the ocean (the bomb weighed 10,000 pounds), it headed north for Kokura, the primary target. Bock’s Car’s bomb was code-named “Fat Man,” partly because of its shape and partly to honor the rotund Winston Churchill. “Little Boy”, first called “Thin Man” (after President Roosevelt), was the code name of the uranium bomb that had been dropped on Hiroshima three days earlier. Nagasaki Was Being Incinerated as the Japan’s War Council Was Again Debating Surrender Terms Japan’s Supreme War Council in Tokyo, scheduled to convene their next meeting at 11 am on August 9, had absolutely no comprehension of what had really happened at Hiroshima. So the members were not inclined to heighten their sense of urgency concerning the issue of surrendering. The council was mostly concerned about Russia’s declaration of war than what was happening – as they were meeting – at Nagasaki. But it was already too late, because by the time the War Council members were arising and heading to the meeting with the emperor, there was no chance to alter the course of history. Bock’s Car – flying under radio silence – was already approaching the southern islands of Japan, heading for Kokura, the primary target. The crew was hoping to beat an anticipated typhoon and the clouds that would have caused the mission to be delayed. The Bock’s Car crew had instructions to drop the bomb only on visual sighting. But Kokura was clouded over. So after making three failed bomb runs over the clouded-over city and experiencing engine trouble on one of the four engines – using up valuable fuel all the while – the plane headed for its secondary target, Nagasaki. The History of Nagasaki Christianity Nagasaki is famous in the history of Japanese Christianity. The city had the largest concentration of Christians in all of Japan. St. Mary’s Cathedral was the megachurch of its time, with 12,000 baptized members. Nagasaki was the community where the legendary Jesuit missionary Francis Xavier planted a mission church in 1549. The Catholic community at Nagasaki grew and eventually prospered over the next several generations. However it eventually became clear to the Japanese that the Catholic Portuguese and Spanish commercial interests were exploiting Japan. It only took a couple of generations before all Europeans – and their foreign religion – were expelled from the country. From 1600 until 1850, being a Christian in Japan was a capital crime. In the early 1600s, Japanese Christians who refused to recant of their faith were subject to unspeakable tortures – including crucifixion. But after a mass crucifixion occurred, the reign of terror expired, and it appeared to all observers that Japanese Christianity was extinct. However, 250 years later, after the gunboat diplomacy of US Commodore Matthew Perry forced open an offshore island for American trade purposes, it was discovered that there were thousands of baptized Christians in Nagasaki, living their faith in secret in a catacomb-like existence, completely unknown to the government. With this revelation, the Japanese government started another purge; but because of international pressure, the persecutions were stopped and Nagasaki Christianity came up from the underground. By 1917, with no financial help from the government, the re-vitalized Christian community had built the massive St. Mary’s Cathedral in the Urakami River district of Nagasaki. Christians Killing Christians in the Name of Christ So it was the height of irony that the massive Cathedral – one of only two Nagasaki landmarks that could be positively identified from 31,000 feet up (the other one was the Mitsubishi armaments factory complex, which had run out of raw materials because of the Allied naval blockade) became Ground Zero for Fat Man. At 11:02 am, during Thursday morning mass, hundreds of Nagasaki Christians were boiled, evaporated, carbonized or otherwise disappeared in a scorching, radioactive fireball that exploded 500 meters above the cathedral. The black rain that soon came down from the mushroom cloud contained the mingled cellular remains of many Nagasaki Shintoists, Buddhists and Christians. The theological implications of Nagasaki’s Black Rain surely should boggle the minds of theologians of all denominations. The Nagasaki Christian Body Count Most Nagasaki Christians did not survive the blast. 6,000 of them died instantly, including all who were at confession that morning. Of the 12,000 church members, 8,500 of them eventually died as a result of the bomb. Many of the others were seriously sickened with a highly lethal entirely new disease: radiation sickness. Three orders of nuns and a Christian girl’s school nearby disappeared into black smoke or became chunks of charcoal. Tens of thousands of other innocent, non- Christian non-combatants also died instantly, and many more were mortally or incurably wounded. Some of the victim’s progeny are still suffering from the trans-generational malignancies and immune deficiencies caused by the deadly plutonium and other radioactive isotopes produced by the bomb. And here is one of the most important ironic points of this article: What the Japanese Imperial government could not do in 250 years of persecution (ie, to destroy Japanese Christianity) American Christians did in mere seconds. Even after a slow revival of Christianity since WWII, membership in Japanese churches still represents a small fraction of 1% of the general population, and the average attendance at Christian worship services across the nation reported to be only 30 per Sunday. Surely the decimation of Nagasaki at the end of the war crippled what at one time was a vibrant church. George Zabelka, the Catholic Chaplain for the 509th Composite Group Father George Zabelka was the Catholic chaplain for the 509th Composite Group (the 1500 man United States Army Air Force group whose only mission was to successfully deliver atomic bombs to their Japanese targets). Zabelka was one of the few Christian leaders who eventually came to recognize the serious contradictions between what his modern church had taught him and what the early pacifist church believed concerning homicidal violence. Several decades after Zabelka was discharged from the military chaplaincy, he finally concluded that both he and his church had made serious ethical and theological errors in religiously legitimating the organized mass slaughter that is modern war. He eventually came to understand that (as he articulated it) “the enemy of me and the enemy of my nation is not an enemy of God. Rather my enemy and my nation’s enemy is a child of God who is loved by God and who therefore is to be loved (and not to be killed) by me as a follower of a loving God.” Father Zabelka’s sudden conversion away from the standardized violence-tolerant Christianity changed his Detroit, Michigan ministry around 180 degrees. His absolute commitment to the truth of gospel nonviolence – just like Martin Luther King – inspired him to devote the remaining decades of his life to speaking out against violence in all its forms, including the violence of militarism, racism and economic exploitation. Zabelka travelled to Nagasaki on the 50th anniversary of the bombing, tearfully repenting and asking for forgiveness for the part he had played in the crime. Likewise, the Lutheran chaplain for the 509th, Pastor William Downey (formerly of Hope Evangelical Lutheran Church in Minneapolis, MN), in his counseling of soldiers who had become troubled by their participation in making murder for the state, later denounced all killing, whether by a single bullet or by weapons of mass destruction. Why Should Combat Veterans Embrace a Religion that Blessed the Wars that Ruined Their Souls? In Daniel Hallock’s important book, Hell, Healing and Resistance, the author described a 1997 Buddhist retreat that was led by the Buddhist monk Thich Nhat Hanh. The retreat involved a number of combat-traumatized Vietnam War veterans who had left the Christianity of their birth. The veterans had responded positively to Nhat Hanh’s ministrations. Hallock wrote, “Clearly, Buddhism offers something that cannot be found in institutional Christianity. But then why should veterans embrace a religion that has blessed the wars that ruined their souls? It is no wonder that they turn to a gentle Buddhist monk to hear what are, in large part, the truths of Christ.” Hallock’s comment should be a sobering wake-up call to Christian leaders who seem to regard as important both the recruitment of new members and the retention of old ones. The fact that the US is a highly militarized nation makes the truths of gospel nonviolence difficult to teach and preach, especially to military veterans (particularly the homeless ones) who may have lost their faith because of spiritually-traumatic horrors experienced on the battlefield. I am a retired physician who has dealt with hundreds of psychologically traumatized patients (including combat-traumatized war veterans), and I know that violence, in all its forms, can irretrievably damage the mind, body, brain, and spirit. But the fact that the combat-traumatized type is totally preventable – and oftentimes virtually impossible to fully cure – makes prevention work really important. An ounce of prevention is indeed worth a pound of cure when it comes to combat- induced PTSD. And where Christian churches should and could be instrumental in the prevention of homicidal violence (and the soul-destroying combat PTSD) is by counseling their members to not participate in it, as the ethics of the nonviolent Jesus surely guided the pacifist church in the first 3 centuries of its existence. Experiencing violence can be deadly and sometimes it is even contagious. I have seen violence, neglect, abuse and the resultant traumatic illnesses spread through both military and non-military families – even involving the 3rd and 4th generations after the initial victimizations. And that has been the experience of the hibakusha (the long-suffering atomic bomb survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki) and their progeny and it has been the experience of the warrior- perpetrators (and their victims) who experienced the acts of killing in any war, not just WWII. What Should be the Church’s Role in the Mass Slaughter of War? Years ago I saw an unpublished Veteran’s Administration study that showed that, whereas most Vietnam War-era soldiers were active members of Christian churches before they went off to war, if they came home with PTSD, the percentage returning to their faith community approached zero. Daniel Hallock’s sobering message above helps explain why that is so. Therefore the church – at least by its silence on the issue of war – seems to be promoting homicidal violence, contrary to the ethical teachings of Jesus, by failing to teach what the primitive church understood was one of the core teachings of Jesus, who said, in effect, that “violence is forbidden for those who wish to follow me”. Therefore, by refraining from warning their adolescent members about the faith- and soul-destroying realities of war, the church is directly undermining the “retention” strategies in which all churches engage. The hidden history of Nagasaki has valuable lessons for American Christianity. The Bock’s Car Crew and the Chain of Command The Bock’s Car bomber crew, as are conscripted or enlisted men in any war, was at the bottom of a long, complex, and very anonymous chain of command whose superiors demand unconditional obedience from those below them in the chain. The Bock’s Car crew had been ordered to “pull the trigger” of the lethal weapon that had been conceptualized, designed, funded, manufactured and armed by other entities, none of whom would feel morally responsible for doing the dirty deed. As is true in all wars, the soldier trigger-pullers are usually the ones blamed for the killing and therefore they often feel the post-war guilt that is a large part of combat-induced PTSD. However their religious chaplains who are responsible for the morals of their soldiers, may share their guilt feelings. Both groups are down at the bottom of the chain of command, but neither group knows exactly who they are trying to kill the “enemy” – or why. Hopefully this essay will promote needed discussions about the ethics of making murder for the state while simultaneously – and illogically – professing allegiance to the teachings of the nonviolent Jesus. The early church leaders, who knew the teachings and actions of Jesus best, rejected the nationalist, racist and militarist agendas of the national security agencies, the military-industrial complex, the war-profiteering corporations and the pre-Christian eye-for-an-eye retaliation doctrines that have, over the past 1700 years, enabled baptized Christians to willingly kill other Christians (not to mention non-Christians) in the name of Christ. The hidden history of Nagasaki should be instructive for a struggling American Christianity. Post Comment Private Reply Ignore Thread Top • Page Up • Full Thread • Page Down • Bottom/Latest Begin Trace Mode for Comment # 39.
#1. To: Ada (#0)
Oh boo hoo...the atomizing of Nagasaki saved American and Japanese lives. It was the right military tactic at the right time.
Pure horseshit Jethro... A million or more....CHRISTIAN BOYS WOULD HAVE DIED INVADING JAPAN. These people have never read about Operation Downfall and its projected losses of MILLIONS of Japanese and Americans. I hate these hand wringing, whining, sniveling bastards, that were NOT IN LINE TO DIE THERE.
Hold it -- BOYS fighting a war? What kind of civilization run by adults sends its children to die for...... something? Yeah, children, that's about what they were, and the lawless behavior of thousands of them shows it. Any war in which the mongers themselves -- in this case arch-Jues FDR, Morgenthau et al -- aren't at the front lines IS A FRAUD. Basic ground rule of human doings forever. It's no good for politicians to call for bloodshed if they're not personally going to lead the charge. Some things never change!
Big amen. If you want us to die, we want to see you die first.
A few more months and the Japanese were going to drop bubonic plague on LA and Frisco. It had worked very well on the Chinese.
That good, huh?
I think the bubonic plague flea drop was just some idle planner's brainstorm because those subs were deployed on more serious missions that would have obviated involvement in other harebrained schemes. Specifically, all four of the aircraft-carrying Jap subs were tasked with attacking the Panama canal and put it out of business. I believe it was the threatened invasion of Okinawa that pre-empted that operation, and the subs were called home. More to the point, the nuking of those two Japanese cities was the crowning glory of 20th century strategery. It put the nail in the coffin to the rather 18th century notion that war is a contest between opposing armies. Henceforth, war was to be a competition wherein the antagonists compete to grind each other's civilian population into the dirt--literally. That's progress.
Not hardly. Its all there to be read by anyone interested. The US brought all five subs to the US because we knew nothing about them. The Japanese tried the process on the Chinese first, killing untold thousands. The subs were real and the means of delivery. Russia demanded one sub to study, that is why all were sent to the bottom by our navy. They were better than anything the Germans ever built, able to sail around the world without refueling.
Cynicom: The US brought all five subs to the US because we knew nothing about them. The Japanese tried the process on the Chinese first, killing untold thousands. The subs were real and the means of delivery. Russia demanded one sub to study, that is why all were sent to the bottom by our navy. They were better than anything the Germans ever built, able to sail around the world without refueling. I have to believe that there probably is something of substance to the flea bombing biowarfare supposition (other than the China accounts) because, years ago, I was talking with a WWII Vet about the Pacific War Theatre ... Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima, Okinawa ... and he said that he saw more men killed by sickness from fleas in the grass and roundabout than by bullets. Am not sure now why I didn't ask more about that but think he was busy at the time and, even though I was very surprised to hear it, I knew he wasn't joking. Perhaps Japanese subs did flea bomb those areas with a plague but how could they then expect to occupy those places Militarily without getting sick or dying from being bit too? Seems to me, if so, that they wouldn't have intended to stay at those places -- just destroy their opponents; or maybe it wasn't actually fleas in the grass that were lethal, as it seemed, but some sort of chemical launch that killed people and fleas could somehow survive to be thought the cause. Plague by fleabite wasn't spreading wider to civilian populations in the region, afaik. What might possibly have happened atrociously or not isn't cause enough, imo, to kill many thousands of civilians including children by the heinous Manhattan Project WMDs. For that matter, how certain can we really be that it was a Japanese sub which sank the USS Indianapolis after it had delievered the Manhattan Project's nuc-wares for deployment? Even if they did it, that wouldn't explain why the crew were left abandoned by their Commanders for days to die like shark bait but the Manhattan Project's insidious involvement does.
Reading from the Japanese records. On their test on the Chinese, they lost 1500 of their own men in the test. It is all there on the internet to read. As for the Indianapolis, at the Commanders Navy trial after the war, the Japanese sub commander was brought here to testify how he sank the cruiser. Photos of trial. Also there are numerous survivor accounts. All available for research.
Just the alleged sub commander was brought here to testify? We were occupying Japan, so I don't see why he and the entire sub crew wouldn't have been testifying right there. Sounds like it was cheaper to bribe the alleged sub commander as if an actual witness than hire a full crew's number to give false testimony in deflection of why the crew of the Indianapolis was deliberately abandoned to die. Probably no Manhattan Project testifiers were subpoenaed at all, I'm guessing. Since the Manhattan Project devastations are still being endorsed on the grounds of strategic pre-emptive war planning, I'll reiterate that Eisenhower, the Allied Supreme Commander himself and the top-level Admiralty of our Naval forces, among others of official rank, all asserted that our Navy's blockade was working and Japan was moving to surrender before the Manhattan Project robbed our Navy of their victory for its inhumanely hideous aggrandizement and continued enrichments.
At 12:14 a.m. on July 30, 1945, the USS Indianapolis was torpedoed by a Japanese submarine in the Philippine Sea and sank in 12 minutes. Of 1,196 men on board, approximately 300 went down with the ship. The remainder, about 900 men, were left floating in shark-infested waters with no lifeboats and most with no food or water. The ship was never missed, and by the time the survivors were spotted by accident four days later only 316 men were still alive. The ship's captain, the late Charles Butler McVay III, survived and was court- martialed and convicted of "hazarding his ship by failing to zigzag" despite overwhelming evidence that the Navy itself had placed the ship in harm's way, despite testimony from the Japanese submarine commander that zigzagging would have made no difference
Odd note... The Indianapolis was on its way to the Philippines to join the fleet that would invade Japan. Those among us that are TV educated, sometimes exasperate me. It is stamped on their forehead.
It is stamped on their forehead. TV educated ... sounds oxymoronic. I'll figure that must mean the "quickest-draw" posters here, which surely ain't me and the only thing on my forehead is some wrinkles, mostly from squinting to read. Although, I was sort of listening to something on TV recently about the Spanish-American war ... Yellow-Journalism/propaganda deceits described by a descendant of newpaper mogul William Randolph Hearst as just intended to make daily life of the populace less mundane, not actually make war. I didn't believe that at all and also suspected that there was a purposeful quote-misattribution to seem as if Hearst was instructed to merely furnish the war's pictures and Teddy Roosevelt would furnish the war or some such disinfo. The only educating thing I heard was that America had some concentration camps in Cuba but, what I think is even more germane is that there hasn't been an interminable ruckus about it all these years, demands for reparations, thought policings and so on, as with other issues. Likewise with Britain's Boer War concentration camp system. Same with the Siberia gulags. Just one of those kizmet-type of things, I imagine.
#40. To: GreyLmist (#39)
Covers those that have not educated themselves.
Top • Page Up • Full Thread • Page Down • Bottom/Latest |
||
|
[Home]
[Headlines]
[Latest Articles]
[Latest Comments]
[Post]
[Sign-in]
[Mail]
[Setup]
[Help]
|
||