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Title: Yes, Apollo Flew Through the Van Allen Belts Going to the Moon
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URL Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bLtgS2_qxJk
Published: Mar 14, 2017
Author: Vintage Space
Post Date: 2018-07-04 20:27:34 by BTP Holdings
Keywords: None
Views: 2567
Comments: 54
No, the van Allen radiation belts weren't deal breakers for the Apollo astronauts. They really did go to the Moon. Want weekly Vintage Space ? Don't forget to SUBSCRIBE! www.youtube.com/channel/UCw95T_TgbGHhTml4xZ9yIqg The Apollo Experience Report on Radiation is here, if you're curious: www.youtube.com/redirect?...description&v=bLtgS2_qxJk There's more about rockoons here:history.nasa.gov/SP-4401/ch4.htm
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#15. To: Pinguinite (#13)
The rockets launched from S Florida, moon probes have continued (e.g. looking for water), they want to populate Mars now, "no telescope on Earth can see the leftover descent stages of the Apollo Lunar Modules or anything else Apollo-related"
_____________________________________________________________ USA! USA! USA! Bringing you democracy, or else! there were strains of VD that were incurable, and they were first found in the Philippines and then transmitted to the Korean working girls via US military. The 'incurables' we were told were first taken back to a military hospital in the Philippines to quietly die. – 4um
Yes, I've edited my post with the correction.
The Apollo Guidance Computer used transistors, not vacuum tubes. The CPU was made from Resistor-Transistor Logic (RTL) integrated circuits. The RTL circuitry didn't rely on electric charge to maintain the state of its sequential circuits, so it was less susceptible to cosmic ray induced errors than more modern circuitry would be. The magnetic rope (read only) memory was probably pretty safe, and I would guess that the magnetic core (RAM) memory was also.
That has been changed. ;) www.popsci.com.au/space/s...sa- still-use-pure-oxygen-after-the-apollo-1-fire,421337 Apollo went to the Moon with pure oxygen without any further serious incidents, and when the program was canceled NASA finally moved away from pure oxygen in space. The space shuttle and International Space Station programs both took a cue from the Russian Soyuz spacecraft, the workhorse that has been flying since the 1960s that has always used a mixed gas environment. All three environments are very air-like with 21 percent oxygen and 79 percent nitrogen at roughly sea level pressure. "When bad men combine, the good must associate; else they will fall, one by one." Edmund Burke
I've seen tests. Rockets can barely fizzle in a vacuum before going out.
I still don't see how they could be guided thru space where there's nothing to push against. A paddle wheeler pushes water, an airplane air etc. I don't see how any earthly craft can travel to another heavenly body in the time alleged -- Pluto is 4598146822 miles from here, for crying out loud! But I think if we all focus on the ridiculous puniness of the coffee can in which the astronots supposedly returned to earth from the moon, it answers "aye double-ell all" as Bro. Roloff used to say. The fact that people were ever duped by this nonsense, much less for half a century, much less in the most advanced/educated/"enlightened" societies of all time, is not good. _____________________________________________________________ USA! USA! USA! Bringing you democracy, or else! there were strains of VD that were incurable, and they were first found in the Philippines and then transmitted to the Korean working girls via US military. The 'incurables' we were told were first taken back to a military hospital in the Philippines to quietly die. – 4um
Rocket propulsion and a riverboat paddle wheel operate on different principles. A rocket's thrust comes from its ejecting exhaust gas, which has mass, and as the rocket pushes against the gas the gas pushes back against the rocket in accordance with Newton's Third Law of Motion.
Thanks. How much fuel does it take to send a present probe 4,598,146,822 miles to Pluto? I realize it only has to point it in a direction and it keeps going thither TFN, but I find it hard to believe present tech is capable of doing this across such distances in even the decade claimed for the Pluto probe. Do you? It's over a million miles a day. Space is full of projectiles. A paint chip damaged the ISS, and "anything larger than 10 cm could shatter a satellite or spacecraft into pieces" https://www.popsci.com/paint-chip-likely-caused-window-damage-on-space-station _____________________________________________________________ USA! USA! USA! Bringing you democracy, or else! there were strains of VD that were incurable, and they were first found in the Philippines and then transmitted to the Korean working girls via US military. The 'incurables' we were told were first taken back to a military hospital in the Philippines to quietly die. – 4um
Thanks. Sounds like it's your area of expertise. I realized I was thinking of EMP bursts, not radiation, that would blow out transistors but would not affect vacuum tubes. That according to my college engineering professor, at least.
That's for breathing, but not for fuel.
This is the first time I've heard of such a thing. Rocket engines simply need fuel and oxygen to function, both of which are stored on board. Liquid fueled rockets typically carry liquid oxygen & liquid hydrogen, or perhaps kerosene or similar. Both are continuously piped to the exhaust chamber where they will burn and generate thrust. Solid rockets, like the shuttle boosters, have the oxidant and fuel mixed together into a solid material which burns away smoothly. The entire inside of booster is the burn chamber. In neither case is any air from outside of the rocket required, so they will work in a vacuum. If you post a reference to what you've seen....
The coffee can, guys. The coffee can.
_____________________________________________________________ USA! USA! USA! Bringing you democracy, or else! there were strains of VD that were incurable, and they were first found in the Philippines and then transmitted to the Korean working girls via US military. The 'incurables' we were told were first taken back to a military hospital in the Philippines to quietly die. – 4um
There is a difference, yes. You are right that a rocket in space does indeed need something to push against, just as a paddle boat and airplane do. What it's pushing against is the expanding gas in the exhaust chamber. Or perhaps more accurately, it's the expanding gas that is pushing against the rocket. In essence, the rocket has to bring it's own material to push against in order to accelerate, something which paddle boats and planes do not need to do. The acceleration of the rocket is directly related to the amount of gas that it pushes out of it's exhaust nozzle, and the speed at which it is ejected. (As an aside, the enormous heat generated is a byproduct of the conversion of liquid or solid fuel to gas form and has nothing to do with the acceleration).
Exactly. ;) www.space.com/18422-apoll...ket-nasa-infographic.html The Saturn V rocket’s first stage carries 203,400 gallons (770,000 liters) of kerosene fuel and 318,000 gallons (1.2 million liters) of liquid oxygen needed for combustion. At liftoff, the stage’s five F-1 rocket engines ignite and produce 7.5 million pounds of thrust. "When bad men combine, the good must associate; else they will fall, one by one." Edmund Burke
And you honestly think we could get one of these things safely hurtling thru space at a million miles a day for 10 years, nudging it this way and that to fotograff different planets?
_____________________________________________________________ USA! USA! USA! Bringing you democracy, or else! there were strains of VD that were incurable, and they were first found in the Philippines and then transmitted to the Korean working girls via US military. The 'incurables' we were told were first taken back to a military hospital in the Philippines to quietly die. – 4um
In responding, I guess I would amend my prior post saying that rockets *need* something to push against to accelerate. That is one way, of course but once out of earth's orbit, these probes commonly take advantage of gravitational "slingshot" dynamics to accelerate even more. Much more. This involves passing near a planet as it moves on its orbit around the sun. As the spacecraft approaches a planet, it accelerates just by virtue of the fact that it's feeling the gravity of the planet. By steering to the back side of the planet ("behind" it, in its path as it's moving on it's orbit about the sun) the course of the space craft will change to something somewhat closer to that of the planet itself, but also pick up a lot more speed. By steering the spacecraft near a lot of the internal planets, some more than once, a spacecraft can pick up a lot more speed than it had when it left earth's orbit under ordinary propulsion. Where does the energy come from to accelerate the space craft as it passes by a planet? Answer: It slows the planet down in its orbit about the sun. It could be considered the ultimate eco-unfriendly thing one could do. But the amount it slows is so tiny it could only be calculated (with a lot of zeros), and not measured. In any event, every time an asteroid passes near earth, earth orbit is also altered by a tiny amount, either accelerating, decelerating, and/or altering it's orbital path by a tiny amount.
That according to my college engineering professor, at least. Flashback! I can vaguely remember an RTL based logic trainer in our high school electronics lab 40 years ago. Yes, the old tubes (before my time!) were more tolerant of transient overvoltage events than semiconductors tend to be. I reckon NASA must have considered the probability of a catastrophic solar flare during the mission, and NASA and the designers at MIT probably took steps to reduce the system's vulnerability to EMP. Lots of variables -- not just the circuit design per se, but also shielding, cable routing, etc. A tube based computer would probably not have been feasible for such a mission? -- too large, too power hungry, too slow, and too unreliable (for reasons other than EMP susceptibility).
Tubes are still being used in high power applications like radio transmitter towers. Can't play guitar, but when I mentioned trying to learn to my brother, 20 years ago, he set me up with a Danelectro and a little Silvertone amp. The smell of those tubes warming up is even better than the smell of money. “I am not one of those weak-spirited, sappy Americans who want to be liked by all the people around them. I don’t care if people hate my guts; I assume most of them do. The important question is whether they are in a position to do anything about it. My affections, being concentrated over a few people, are not spread all over Hell in a vile attempt to placate sulky, worthless shits.” - William S Burroughs
Radio tubes are still in use??? Fantastic -- I love old stuff, I hate "progress".
_____________________________________________________________ USA! USA! USA! Bringing you democracy, or else! there were strains of VD that were incurable, and they were first found in the Philippines and then transmitted to the Korean working girls via US military. The 'incurables' we were told were first taken back to a military hospital in the Philippines to quietly die. – 4um
Anyone remember the old tube tester machines? They were pretty ubiquitous up to 1978 or so. Mostly in malls, drug stores, and TV shops.
“I am not one of those weak-spirited, sappy Americans who want to be liked by all the people around them. I don’t care if people hate my guts; I assume most of them do. The important question is whether they are in a position to do anything about it. My affections, being concentrated over a few people, are not spread all over Hell in a vile attempt to placate sulky, worthless shits.” - William S Burroughs
I'd completely forgotten that. Fun!
_____________________________________________________________ USA! USA! USA! Bringing you democracy, or else! there were strains of VD that were incurable, and they were first found in the Philippines and then transmitted to the Korean working girls via US military. The 'incurables' we were told were first taken back to a military hospital in the Philippines to quietly die. – 4um
Vacuum tubes, to be precise. “I am not one of those weak-spirited, sappy Americans who want to be liked by all the people around them. I don’t care if people hate my guts; I assume most of them do. The important question is whether they are in a position to do anything about it. My affections, being concentrated over a few people, are not spread all over Hell in a vile attempt to placate sulky, worthless shits.” - William S Burroughs
But it worked great for shooting the footage at Area 51. _____________________________________________________________ USA! USA! USA! Bringing you democracy, or else! there were strains of VD that were incurable, and they were first found in the Philippines and then transmitted to the Korean working girls via US military. The 'incurables' we were told were first taken back to a military hospital in the Philippines to quietly die. – 4um
I was stuck sorting tubes for an entire weekend when I was 14 or so. My Mom's cousin had bought from estate sale...it was actually kind of fun.
“I am not one of those weak-spirited, sappy Americans who want to be liked by all the people around them. I don’t care if people hate my guts; I assume most of them do. The important question is whether they are in a position to do anything about it. My affections, being concentrated over a few people, are not spread all over Hell in a vile attempt to placate sulky, worthless shits.” - William S Burroughs
Whoa, another flashback. Our first TV after Wonder Woman and I married was a tube set that my big sister scored from a dumpster behind the Holiday Inn where she worked, after they upgraded all their sets en masse. The vertical hold was flaky, and I ended up leaving off the back cover so I could conveniently poke all the tubes with a wooden dowel rod as required frequently to get the picture back right.
It sounds like it. I'd almost rather have tubes than transistors since the tradeoff seems to be that you can get electronics repaired anymore except mebbe TVs. I used to could get ANYTHING fixed -- they even replaced buttons for on old boom box!
_____________________________________________________________ USA! USA! USA! Bringing you democracy, or else! there were strains of VD that were incurable, and they were first found in the Philippines and then transmitted to the Korean working girls via US military. The 'incurables' we were told were first taken back to a military hospital in the Philippines to quietly die. – 4um
lol, analog
“I am not one of those weak-spirited, sappy Americans who want to be liked by all the people around them. I don’t care if people hate my guts; I assume most of them do. The important question is whether they are in a position to do anything about it. My affections, being concentrated over a few people, are not spread all over Hell in a vile attempt to placate sulky, worthless shits.” - William S Burroughs
Which is the AM Dial? Blurryness is no excuse for insubordination, right? “I am not one of those weak-spirited, sappy Americans who want to be liked by all the people around them. I don’t care if people hate my guts; I assume most of them do. The important question is whether they are in a position to do anything about it. My affections, being concentrated over a few people, are not spread all over Hell in a vile attempt to placate sulky, worthless shits.” - William S Burroughs
Planned obsolescence is much more refined and advanced than it was back then. Growing up I remember only a single toaster that seemed to last forever. And if a nichrome heating element had burned out, it would have been replaceable -- just wind a new one. Nowadays we have to buy a new toaster oven every 2 years or so. Lots of products are throwaway today -- by design. Some low cost printers actually have a counter chip in them that disables the product after so many thousands of pages. Some German kid figured it out and made a YouTube video exposing the whole scam. And -- as I recall -- how to reset the count!
Wow, let's get our hands on that pronto. Totally SICK and EVIL and FILTHY of mfrs to do us thus!!!!!
_____________________________________________________________ USA! USA! USA! Bringing you democracy, or else! there were strains of VD that were incurable, and they were first found in the Philippines and then transmitted to the Korean working girls via US military. The 'incurables' we were told were first taken back to a military hospital in the Philippines to quietly die. – 4um
I can remember as a kid taking all the tubes out of the TV and carrying them to the drug store or the hardware store and testing them on the tube tester in the store. The tester had a drawer stocked with the popular part numbers.
Google "counter chip in printers".
Right, replacements. For sale. Commerce...:) “I am not one of those weak-spirited, sappy Americans who want to be liked by all the people around them. I don’t care if people hate my guts; I assume most of them do. The important question is whether they are in a position to do anything about it. My affections, being concentrated over a few people, are not spread all over Hell in a vile attempt to placate sulky, worthless shits.” - William S Burroughs
I did. Looks like it's beyond most of us.
_____________________________________________________________ USA! USA! USA! Bringing you democracy, or else! there were strains of VD that were incurable, and they were first found in the Philippines and then transmitted to the Korean working girls via US military. The 'incurables' we were told were first taken back to a military hospital in the Philippines to quietly die. – 4um
therestartproject.org/des...together-against-planned-obsolescence/
Fantastic -- so where do you get the utility? I click links there but it's all in Russian.
_____________________________________________________________ USA! USA! USA! Bringing you democracy, or else! there were strains of VD that were incurable, and they were first found in the Philippines and then transmitted to the Korean working girls via US military. The 'incurables' we were told were first taken back to a military hospital in the Philippines to quietly die. – 4um
I don't know; haven't personally had a printer die on me like that. The light bulb lifetime limitation conspiracy story is pretty interesting; an early and disgusting example of planned obsolescence to maximize profits.
Lastime a printer quit on me it was coincidentally the bulb. I took it to Inksters for a diagnosis and they were willing to fix it for a small fee, but Inksters is gone like so many of my favorite businesses -- casualties of the Bush-Clinton-Bush-Obongo depression. Latest printer weirdness: older one will print from hardrive but not glass pane. An HP 6210 which has to be 6 or 7 yrs old and has weird problems like the upper part refusing to settle neatly = hinge failure, just like its HP predecessor. _____________________________________________________________ USA! USA! USA! Bringing you democracy, or else! there were strains of VD that were incurable, and they were first found in the Philippines and then transmitted to the Korean working girls via US military. The 'incurables' we were told were first taken back to a military hospital in the Philippines to quietly die. – 4um
Can't you feel the breeze from the earth whistling through your wind blown hair while it turns at 1000 MPH ??? hahaha !
Ephesians 5:11King James Version (KJV) 11 "And have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather reprove them. " It's not terrorism when Amerika does it.
LOL! How do we get to the early replies? I don't see link for "show full page" or whatever. 53 replies and 242 views, BTP -- I'm green with envy! _____________________________________________________________ USA! USA! USA! Bringing you democracy, or else! there were strains of VD that were incurable, and they were first found in the Philippines and then transmitted to the Korean working girls via US military. The 'incurables' we were told were first taken back to a military hospital in the Philippines to quietly die. – 4um
#16. To: NeoconsNailed (#15)
#17. To: Pinguinite (#13)
As for electronics, 60's tech didn't used transistors which are everywhere today, but vacume tubes which are immune to radiation. I don't know how transistors hold up to radiation. Maybe they require shielding that the Apollo missions didn't require.
#18. To: Pinguinite (#14)
For space flight, they use pure oxygen
#19. To: Pinguinite (#14)
#20. To: Obnoxicated (#19)
#21. To: NeoconsNailed (#20)
I still don't see how they could be guided thru space where there's nothing to push against. A paddle wheeler pushes water, an airplane air etc.
#22. To: StraitGate (#21)
#23. To: StraitGate (#17)
The Apollo Guidance Computer used transistors, not vacuum tubes. The CPU was made from Resistor-Transistor Logic (RTL) integrated circuits. The RTL circuitry didn't rely on electric charge to maintain the state of its sequential circuits, so it was less susceptible to cosmic ray induced errors than more modern circuitry would be. The magnetic rope (read only) memory was probably pretty safe, and I would guess that the magnetic core (RAM) memory was also.
#24. To: BTP Holdings (#18)
All three environments are very air-like with 21 percent oxygen and 79 percent nitrogen at roughly sea level pressure.
#25. To: Obnoxicated (#19)
I've seen tests. Rockets can barely fizzle in a vacuum before going out.
#26. To: Pinguinite, BTP Holdings (#25)
#27. To: NeoconsNailed (#20)
I still don't see how they could be guided thru space where there's nothing to push against. A paddle wheeler pushes water, an airplane air etc
#28. To: Pinguinite (#24)
That's for breathing, but not for fuel.
#29. To: Pinguinite (#27)
#30. To: NeoconsNailed (#29)
And you honestly think we could get one of these things safely hurtling thru space at a million miles a day for 10 years, nudging it this way and that to fotograff different planets?
#31. To: Pinguinite (#23)
I realized I was thinking of EMP bursts, not radiation, that would blow out transistors but would not affect vacuum tubes.
#32. To: StraitGate, Pinguinite (#31)
(Edited)
tubes ... were more tolerant of transient overvoltage events than semiconductors
#33. To: Dakmar (#32)
#34. To: NeoconsNailed (#33)
#35. To: Dakmar (#34)
#36. To: NeoconsNailed (#33)
Radio tubes are still in use??? Fantastic -- I love old stuff, I hate "progress".
#37. To: StraitGate (#31)
A tube based computer would probably not have been feasible for such a mission? -- too large, too power hungry, too slow, and too unreliable (for reasons other than EMP susceptibility).
#38. To: NeoconsNailed (#35)
#39. To: Dakmar (#32)
The smell of those tubes warming up is even better than the smell of money.
#40. To: Dakmar (#38)
#41. To: StraitGate (#39)
#42. To: NeoconsNailed (#40)
#43. To: NeoconsNailed (#40)
I used to could get ANYTHING fixed
#44. To: StraitGate (#43)
#45. To: Dakmar (#38)
#46. To: NeoconsNailed (#44)
#47. To: StraitGate (#45)
The tester had a drawer stocked with the popular part numbers.
#48. To: StraitGate (#46)
#49. To: NeoconsNailed (#48)
#50. To: StraitGate (#49)
#51. To: NeoconsNailed (#50)
#52. To: StraitGate (#51)
#53. To: NeoconsNailed (#4)
#54. To: noone222, BTP Holdings (#53)
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