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Title: ‘A bad time to be alive’: Mass extinction 444 million years ago linked to loss of oxygen in Earth’s oceans
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URL Source: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/ ... hange-ordovician-a9463866.html
Published: Apr 14, 2020
Author: Peter Stubley
Post Date: 2020-04-23 21:12:27 by BTP Holdings
Keywords: None
Views: 3989
Comments: 25
‘A bad time to be alive’: Mass extinction 444 million years ago linked to loss of oxygen in Earth’s oceans ‘By expanding our thinking of how oceans behaved in the past, we could gain some insights into oceans today,’ says scientist at Stanford University Peter Stubley Tuesday 14 April 2020 11:33 The first major mass extinction in Earth’s history was linked to a severe and prolonged lack of oxygen in the oceans, according to a new study which could help scientists understand modern climate change. Some 85 per cent of all species perished during the Late Ordovician die-off about 444 million years ago – a time when the vast majority of life was marine-based and most of our present day continents formed a single land mass, Pangaea. A first wave of extinctions was caused by global cooling. When that ice age ended, sea levels rose and oxygen levels plummeted, resulting in a deficiency of oxygen, or anoxia. In a new study, researchers at Stanford University found evidence that these anoxic conditions lasted for more than three million years – significantly longer than similar extinction events. “For most ocean life, it was indeed a really bad time to be alive,” said co-author Erik Sperling, an assistant professor of geological sciences at Stanford University. The study, published in Nature Communications, examined the geological record on the boundary between the Hirnantian and Rhuddanian ages in an attempt to bolster the theory. A new model was created by Richard George Stockey, a graduate student at Stanford Earth, to incorporate previously published metal isotope data as well as new data from samples of black shale from the Murzuq Basin in Libya. Taking into account 31 different variables, including the amounts of uranium and molybdenum that settle on the sea floor, it concluded that severe and prolonged ocean anoxia must have occurred across large volumes of Earth’s oceans. “We can confidently say a long and profound global anoxic event is linked to the second pulse of mass extinction in the Late Ordovician,” said Mr Sperling. The researchers said the findings have relevance for today given that global climate change is contributing to declining oxygen levels in the open ocean and coastal waters. Last December, another study found that the overall level of oxygen in the oceans has dropped by roughly 2 per cent, while the number of known hypoxic “dead zones” has skyrocketed from 45 known sites in the 1960s to at least 700 areas today, some encompassing thousands of square miles. “We actually have a big problem modelling oxygenation in the modern ocean,” Mr Sperling said. “And by expanding our thinking of how oceans have behaved in the past, we could gain some insights into the oceans today.” Mr Stockey, whose research was supported by the Alfred P Sloan Foundation, National Science Foundation, Packard Foundation and Nasa, added: “There is no way that low oxygen conditions are not going to have a severe effect on diversity.” Lack of oxygen in the oceans may also have played a part in the Devonian mass extinction 375 million years ago. The most famous mass extinction is the Cretaceous-Paleogene event that wiped out all non-avian dinosaurs some 65 million years ago as a result of an asteroid strike that acidified the planet’s oceans. Poster Comment: Trilobites and Tully Monsters are a couple of the fossils I learned about as a young man studying about the past and rocks, geology and minerology.
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#1. To: BTP Holdings (#0)
Couldn't have been too much worse than it is today.
I doubt the Caveman could be in the same boat as the rest of us are today. Someone that specializes in the study of fossils is called a paleontologist. ;) "When bad men combine, the good must associate; else they will fall, one by one." Edmund Burke
This article is near useless, mixing up convulsions and catastrophes occurring over a huge span of time. But the authors get bto sneak in the words "climate change" so that makes it acceptable to publish in a major outlet.
sneak in the words "climate change" so that makes it acceptable to publish in a major outlet. Yes this is true. But when they uncovered Wooly Mammoths that were frozen in glaciers they still had undigested food in their stomachs. This indicates they were flash frozen. What sort of catastrophe would cause that to occur? ;) "When bad men combine, the good must associate; else they will fall, one by one." Edmund Burke
This article is useless. 444M years ago, are you shitting me? “The most dangerous man to any government is the man who is able to think things out... without regard to the prevailing superstitions and taboos. Almost inevitably he comes to the conclusion that the government he lives under is dishonest, insane, intolerable.” ~ H. L. Mencken
Geologic time periods leave the mind numb since it is hard to wrap the mind around time that stretches so far back. ;) "When bad men combine, the good must associate; else they will fall, one by one." Edmund Burke
That's controversial to say the least. It's an aspect of the disappearance of megafauna (creatures, mammals of > 100 lbs.) twelve millenia ago at the beginning of the Holocene Epoch - the modern period on the big stratgraphic chart. They're talking about a flash freeze that occured in the wake of some cataclysm: a comet, a solar flare, even mass vulcanism. Some geologists even dispute catastrophe at this point in time at all. It is a hard thing to get your head around since there are so many biological, geological and even astrophysical processes to take into consideration. For a starting point, there is a good article on this topic here with interesting videos featuring discussion by Randall Carlson and Graham Hancock. sacredgeometryinternation...uck-mammoths-extinctions- alaska-scene-giant-cataclysm-end-ice-age/
You are correct about these things. I have no difficulty wrapping my mind aroud any of it. Thanks for your input. ;) BTW, my illness only affected my short term memory. "When bad men combine, the good must associate; else they will fall, one by one." Edmund Burke
You have a big head, Old Paint. :- O
We worked a concert at the Aragon Ballroom in Chicago. The name of the headline act was Big Head Todd. They were selling a T-shirt with a girl on it. She was thinking, "Big head, Hmmmm" LOL "When bad men combine, the good must associate; else they will fall, one by one." Edmund Burke
Oh NO -- it's the 444 million mark again, and that means another extinction!!! Wow, tully monsters -- looks like a bionic submarine with two antennae for guidance! _____________________________________________________________ USA! USA! USA! Bringing you democracy, or else! there were strains of VD that were incurable, and they were first found in the Philippines and then transmitted to the Korean working girls via US military. The 'incurables' we were told were first taken back to a military hospital in the Philippines to quietly die. – 4um
Wotta site, randge! Is it all serious and focused? What is sacred geometry?
_____________________________________________________________ USA! USA! USA! Bringing you democracy, or else! there were strains of VD that were incurable, and they were first found in the Philippines and then transmitted to the Korean working girls via US military. The 'incurables' we were told were first taken back to a military hospital in the Philippines to quietly die. – 4um
Lookit the windows in ancient cathedrals like Notre Dame in Paris. Follow the structure of things man-made or occurring in nature like the petals on a flower, the growth of a pineapple or the development of a mollusk and how they express the Fibonacci series and the Golden Mean.
So it's about earth mysteries 'n' such. Coolo.
_____________________________________________________________ USA! USA! USA! Bringing you democracy, or else! there were strains of VD that were incurable, and they were first found in the Philippines and then transmitted to the Korean working girls via US military. The 'incurables' we were told were first taken back to a military hospital in the Philippines to quietly die. – 4um
Those were found in Pennsylvania limestone formations in rock quarries in the Mid West. I knew of a few people who had some great collections of fossils. ;) "When bad men combine, the good must associate; else they will fall, one by one." Edmund Burke
Lotsa mo' time to research weird s**t these days!!
Yeah! Wish somebody could find something definite on Prince Henry Sinclair or the Westford Knight ;)
_____________________________________________________________ USA! USA! USA! Bringing you democracy, or else! there were strains of VD that were incurable, and they were first found in the Philippines and then transmitted to the Korean working girls via US military. The 'incurables' we were told were first taken back to a military hospital in the Philippines to quietly die. – 4um
The Memorial reads; Prince Henry First Sinclair of Orkney Born in Scotland made a voyage of discovery to North America in 1398. After wintering in Nova Scotia he sailed to Massachusetts and on an inland Expedition in 1299 to Prospect Hill to view the surrounding countryside, one of the party died. . . The world is never all quite what you think it is. There's always something new out there to challenge your imagination. "And therefore as a stranger give it welcome. There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, Than are dreamt of in your philosophy."
This is true, because I'm going to choke the shit outta anybody who thinks they have more rights than me because "diversity". Yeah, that's a waycist profession. They need more duskyontologists. I'm sort of paleo myself, but I have never heard of that word before. ;) "When bad men combine, the good must associate; else they will fall, one by one." Edmund Burke
What are you quoting??
_____________________________________________________________ USA! USA! USA! Bringing you democracy, or else! there were strains of VD that were incurable, and they were first found in the Philippines and then transmitted to the Korean working girls via US military. The 'incurables' we were told were first taken back to a military hospital in the Philippines to quietly die. – 4um
An asteroid sized meteorite (6 mi in diameter) flew over North America descending at a 30 degree angle and hit in the Atlantic, shoving the tectonic plate under Europe 2,000 miles north away from the equator. With a 2 degree change in Earth's axis of rotation, and the skies blackened with a mixture of ash, vaporized water, and other stuff, the freeze of the displaced tundra and its wildlife happened in a matter of hours. www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ys4Uq46OyZs Art Bell, audio only. I have this book. That was from the modern memorial near the stone inscription of the Westford Knight at Westford, Massachusetts.
OK. I got all excited about this when I discovered it in 1998, the 600th anniversary of his alleged trip here to N. America. Wrote a colyum about it, making it sound as real as possible ;)
_____________________________________________________________ USA! USA! USA! Bringing you democracy, or else! there were strains of VD that were incurable, and they were first found in the Philippines and then transmitted to the Korean working girls via US military. The 'incurables' we were told were first taken back to a military hospital in the Philippines to quietly die. – 4um
‘A bad time to be alive’... 444 million years ago
#2. To: StraitGate (#1)
(Edited)
Couldn't have been too much worse than it is today.
#3. To: BTP Holdings (#0)
#4. To: randge (#3)
(Edited)
convulsions and catastrophes occurring over a huge span of time
#5. To: randge (#3)
This article is near useless...
#6. To: Lod (#5)
444M years ago, are you shitting me?
#7. To: BTP Holdings (#4)
What sort of catastrophe would cause that to occur?
#8. To: randge (#7)
(Edited)
#9. To: BTP Holdings (#8)
I have no difficulty wrapping my mind aroud any of it.
#10. To: randge (#9)
big head
#11. To: BTP Holdings (#0)
#12. To: randge (#7)
#13. To: NeoconsNailed (#12)
What is sacred geometry?
#14. To: randge (#13)
#15. To: NeoconsNailed (#11)
tully monsters
#16. To: NeoconsNailed (#14)
#17. To: randge (#16)
#18. To: NeoconsNailed (#17)
#19. To: BTP Holdings (#0)
“There is no way that low oxygen conditions are not going to have a severe effect on diversity.”
Freedom is a social skill.
#20. To: BTP Holdings (#2)
Someone that specializes in the study of fossils is called a paleontologist. ;)
Freedom is a social skill.
#21. To: Anthem (#20)
duskyontologists
#22. To: randge (#18)
#23. To: BTP Holdings (#4)
(Edited)
But when they uncovered Wooly Mammoths that were frozen in glaciers they still had undigested food in their stomachs. This indicates they were flash frozen. What sort of catastrophe would cause that to occur?
Freedom is a social skill.
#24. To: NeoconsNailed (#22)
#25. To: randge (#24)
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