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Title: 4um Outage/Upgrade
Source: www.freedom4um.com
URL Source: http://www.freedom4um.com
Published: Sep 3, 2006
Author: Neil McIver
Post Date: 2006-09-03 05:19:28 by Neil McIver
Ping List: *4um Admin News*     Subscribe to *4um Admin News*
Keywords: None
Views: 290
Comments: 21

The server for 4um underwent a substantial operating system upgrade this evening. I'm now back from Ecuador and felt it safe now to do so during these wee-hours of the weekend in the event of catostrophic complications -- something that isn't likely with standard upgrades (linux upgrade programs are generally very robust and trustworthy, at least for the major packages). For that reason I pretty much didn't count on any outage actually occuring, and likewise didn't give any warning about the upgrade.

Anyway, of the hundreds of packages updated, one apparently failed to upgrade properly with the existing configuration files, and that was none other than apache itself, which is the program that IS the web server (that sent you this very page you are reading to your web browser). As a result, I had to completly uninstall the old apache and install and configure the new apache, the last of these being the biggest problem mainly because I had to figure out the format changes in the configuration files.

All told the outage ran about 4 hours. On the plus side, the server is now set up with the latest stuff. Shouldn't have to pull one of these things again in the near future.

One thing that is different at the moment: You can no longer access 4um by IP address as you could previously. That may affect some bookmarks and links that use the IP address instead of the http://freedom4um.com name.

But there may be behavior differences. Please email them to the webmaster address if you encounter any you find annoying.

Thanks & sorry for the outage. Subscribe to *4um Admin News*

Post Comment   Private Reply   Ignore Thread  

Begin Trace Mode for Comment # 9.

#1. To: Neil McIver (#0)

thanks again for all the work you do. I understand there are more internet switching systems running on apache out there than any other.

Wasn't it an Indian language that was selected by the US as a code in WW2?

Itisa1mosttoolate  posted on  2006-09-03   5:42:15 ET  Reply   Untrace   Trace   Private Reply  

thanks again for all the work you do. I understand there are more internet switching systems running on apache out there than any other.

I believe that linux/apache make up the majority of webservers in existance. MS has web serving software, which my brother uses, and he laments the monthly crashes. But with linux apache I can leave the country for 6 months without worrying too much about problems.

Wasn't it an Indian language that was selected by the US as a code in WW2?

Windtalkers starring Nicholas Cage. I don't think they were Apache indians. Hope (Hopee) comes to mind.

Neil McIver  posted on  2006-09-03   5:59:09 ET  Reply   Untrace   Trace   Private Reply  

Wasn't it an Indian language that was selected by the US as a code in WW2?

it was Navajo...

"Navajo Code TalkersTM: A Brief History

One of America's most extraordinary episodes of cryptography, the art and science of coding and decoding, used the ancient language of a Native American tribe and their courageous warriors to advance America's cause in World War II. The secret language of the Navajo Code TalkersTM provided one of the most unusual advantages to the United States military during that fateful conflict. In a successful attempt to defend their land, the Navajos used their unbreakable coded language to confuse the enemy with unusual sounds. They did this in spite of the fact that elements of the American military had harshly treated many of their forebears.

Philip Johnston was the man who proposed that the language of the Navajos be used as the basis of a communication code during World War II. Johnston did a lot of work with the Navajo Indians. His fluency in the language helped him to see the many military applications. Johnston knew that the unwritten Navajo language would be virtually impossible for the enemy to decipher because of its syntax, tonal qualities, and dialects (Molnar 1). The Japanese were successful in breaking codes in the past, but Johnston had the hunch that they wouldn't be able to crack this one. In 1942, he proposed the idea to Major General Clayton B. Vogel. A combat simulation, where four Navajos sent messages to one another from separate rooms and translated them, was used to demonstrate the military significance of their unique language.

The presentation was very promising. Further, the translation was far more rapid than when a code machine was used. As a result, Vogel asked that 30 Navajos initiate the new program. They were first sent to the Marine Corps Boot Camp. The rugged training was challenging for many Americans. Then in May 1942, the Navajo were sent to Camp Pendleton in Oceanside, California. There they developed the code that would be used in combat. They created a standard dictionary in addition to code words for about 200 of the military's most commonly used terms. The language syntax and tones were so perplexing to a potential enemy that there was little possibility of the code being broken. Few outside the Navajo tribe knew the language at the time. In the Navajo tradition, a strong sense of trust must be established before an outsider may be admitted to their confidence. This reticence reassured the Marine officials that while the Japanese were thought to be accomplished code breakers, they would find the barrier of the Navajo code insurmountable. In fact, by war's end, while the Japanese had broken codes of the U.S. Army and the Air Corps, the Navajo code of the Marine Corps stayed intact and unbroken (Perry, 2).

The Navajo Code TalkersTM contributed importantly to the war effort. In the beginning, however, not many people knew much about the secret operation and the Navajo weren't as fully employed as they might have been. Once the code talkers established their place in battle, they proved their worth. They fought valiantly and skillfully to defend the only land they had ever known as home. Major Howard Connor, 5th Marine Division signal officer said, "Were it not for the Navajos, the Marines would never have taken Iwo Jima." (Molnar 1). By August of 1943, the Marines had enlisted 191 Navajos to be code talkers. Perhaps as many as 420 Navajos served in the code talker program (Kimball, 1). Additionally, it has been estimated that by the end of World War II, more than 3,600 Navajos had served in the United States military in a variety of roles in all the services (McColm, 2).

The secret of the Navajo code remained useful in future American conflicts, including Korean and Vietnam (Brechting and Gonzalez 3). Because of this need for secrecy, it took many years for the Navajo Code TalkersTM to be recognized. The code was declassified in 1968 and a year later the Navajo Code Talkers were recognized nationally at a reunion of the Fourth Marine Division. August 14, 1982, was declared National Code Talkers Day.

Frederic A. Bergerson and Jennifer Rangel Whittier College

Works Cited:

Brechling, Colleen and Flora Gonzalez. Navajo Code TalkersTM. April 10, 1998

Kimball, Chris. Navajo Code TalkersTM. Prepared by the Reference Section History and Museums Division, USMC. May 14, 1982. http:// www.yvwiiusdinvnohii.net/history/usmccode.htm

McColm, George. An Ungrateful Nation. February 1997.

Molnar, Alexander (Researcher for Navy and Marine Corps WWII Commemorative Committee). Navajo Code TalkersTM: World War II Fact Sheet. http:// www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq61-2.htm

Perry, Tenna. Navajo Code TalkersTM of WWII. 2001."

ruthie  posted on  2006-09-03   6:28:58 ET  Reply   Untrace   Trace   Private Reply  

Who was the British general who sent back to the government the message "Peccavi," Latin for "I have sinned," meaning "I have Sindh"?

aristeides  posted on  2006-09-03   10:36:15 ET  Reply   Untrace   Trace   Private Reply  

#10. To: All (#9)

It was General Sir Charles James Napier.

Amazing how quickly you can answer questions using Google.

aristeides  posted on  2006-09-03 10:44:18 ET  Reply   Untrace   Trace   Private Reply  

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