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Science/Tech See other Science/Tech Articles Title: Einstein was right: space and time bend Einstein was right: space and time bend Ninety years after he expounded his famous theory, a $700m Nasa probe has proved that the universe behaves as he said. Now the race is on to show that the other half of relativity also works Anushka Asthana and David Smith Sunday April 15, 2007 The Observer Under his name in the Oxford English Dictionary is the simple definition: genius. Yet for decades physicists have been asking the question: did Albert Einstein get it wrong? After half a century, seven cancellations and $700m, a mission to test his theory about the universe has finally confirmed that the man was a mastermind - or at least half proved it. The early results from Gravity Probe B, one of Nasa's most complicated satellites, confirmed yesterday 'to a precision of better than 1 per cent' the assertion Einstein made 90 years ago - that an object such as the Earth does indeed distort the fabric of space and time. But this - what is referred to as the 'geodetic' effect - is only half of the theory. The other, 'frame-dragging', stated that as the world spins it drags the fabric of the universe behind it. Francis Everitt, the Stanford University professor who has devoted his life to investigating Einstein's theory of relativity, told scientists at the American Physical Society it would be another eight months before he could measure the 'frame-dragging' effect precisely. 'Understanding the details is a bit like an archeological dig,' said William Bencze, programme manager for the mission. 'A scientist starts with a bulldozer, follows with a shovel, then finally uses dental picks and toothbrushes to clear the dust away. We're passing out the toothbrushes now.' The Gravity Probe B project was conceived in the late 1950s but suffered decades of delays while other scientists ran tests corroborating Einstein's theory. It was Everitt's determination that stopped it being cancelled. The joint mission between Nasa and Stanford University uses four of the most perfect spheres - ultra precise gyroscopes - to detect minute distortions in the fabric of the universe. Everitt's aim was to prove to the highest precision yet if Einstein was correct in the way he described gravity. According to Einstein, in the same way that a large ball placed on a elasticated cloth stretches the fabric and causes it to sag, so planets and stars warp space-time. A marble moving along the sagging cloth will be drawn towards the ball, as the Earth is to the Sun, but not fall into it as long as it keeps moving at speed. Gravity, argued Einstein, was not an attractive force between bodies as had been previously thought. Few scientists need the final results, which will be revealed in December, to convince them of Einstein's genius. 'From the most esoteric aspects of time dilation through to the beautiful and simple equation, e=mc2, the vast bulk of Einstein's ideas about the universe are standing up to the test of time,' said Robert Massey, from the Royal Astronomical Society. He said the mission was 'legitimate science' to test a theory and confirm its brilliance, but others have criticised the costs and length of the study, claiming that what was announced had already been shown. Sir Martin Rees, the Astronomer Royal, said the announcement would 'fork no lightning'. The theory explained When Einstein wrote his general theory of relativity in 1915, he found a new way to describe gravity. It was not a force, as Sir Isaac Newton had supposed, but a consequence of the distortion of space and time, conceived together in his theory as 'space-time'. Any object distorts the fabric of space-time and the bigger it is, the greater the effect. Just as a bowling ball placed on a trampoline stretches the fabric and causes it to sag, so planets and stars warp space-time - a phenomenon known as the 'geodetic effect'. A marble moving along the trampoline will be drawn inexorably towards the ball. Thus the planets orbiting the Sun are not being pulled by the Sun; they are following the curved space-time deformation caused by the Sun. The reason the planets never fall into the Sun is because of the speed at which they are travelling. According to the theory, matter and energy distort space-time, curving it around themselves. 'Frame dragging' theoretically occurs when the rotation of a large body 'twists' nearby space and time. It is this second part of Einstein's theory that the Nasa mission has yet to corroborate.
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#1. To: BeAChooser (#0)
Einstein had doubts about his own theory towards the end of his life and some scientists say his equations were misinterpreted or not quite right, though others have done work on this too and found it very difficult. I'm just curious about this whole topic and will be happy when it's solved, though I doubt any human will be able to solve it completely because I think a lot of it goes beyond our comprehension. For instance I find it difficult to grasp the idea of space and time being twisted. How does time become twisted? How can space and time curve around themselves? Of course I am dumb though and I am sure that many of the posters who are not dumb can easily understand this subject matter.
Here is an interesting thought proof of the variability of time. An observor is on a very high speed train. A land based observor happens to be exactly in the middle of the fast moving train when lightening simultainously strikes the front and back of the train. From this event TWO perspectives emerge. The passenger in the train would have moved a little closer towards the front train while the light from the event passed towards her and that she will have percieved it as striking the front of the train before the lightening hit the rear of the train. The land observor sees the same event as both lightening strikes happening at the same time. Both are correct, time is variable. Not by much untill superhuman speeds are achieved. Interesting that Sir Newton recognized the same, that his calculus was correct, only if time was a constant.
I have to admit I feel sorry for him sometimes. He gets picked on something terrible and then he ends up getting punished. He's his own worst enemy but I don't think he can see that.
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