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Dead Constitution
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Title: DOJ Files for Civil Injunction Against Save-A-Patriot Fellowship
Source: www.cjmciver.org
URL Source: http://www.cjmciver.org
Published: May 14, 2005
Author: Neil McIver
Post Date: 2005-05-14 03:12:54 by Neil McIver
Keywords: Save-A-Patriot, Injunction, Fellowship
Views: 112
Comments: 21

DOJ Files for Civil Injunction Against Save-A-Patriot Fellowship

May, 14, 2005

The below article has been posted at the Department of Justice website reporting that the DOJ has filed a civil injunction against Save-A-Patriot Fellowship. The DOJ last attempted to do so 12 years ago with a raid and a failed attempt to bring criminal charges against SAPF's founder and fiduciary, John Kotmair. My further notes follow:

From: http://www.usdoj.gov/opa/pr/2005/May/05_tax_262.htm

--------

JUSTICE DEPARTMENT SUES TO STOP MARYLAND MAN FROM SELLING ALLEGED TAX-FRAUD SCHEMES

Westminster Man Accused Of Offering Customers Financial Incentives To Violate Federal Tax Laws

WASHINGTON, D.C. - The Justice Department today asked a federal court to bar John Baptist Kotmair, Jr., of Westminster, Maryland, and his organization, “Save-a-Patriot Fellowship,” from selling alleged tax-fraud schemes. The civil injunction suit, filed in Baltimore, also seeks an order directing Kotmair and Save-a-Patriot to give the Justice Department their customers’ names, mailing and e-mail addresses, and telephone and Social Security numbers.

The government’s complaint alleges that Kotmair, Save-a-Patriot, and National Workers Rights Committee (a division of Save-a-Patriot) falsely advise their customers-whom they charge upwards of $99 a year-that they are not required to pay federal taxes or file federal tax returns. Such arguments repeatedly have been rejected by courts across the country. The government alleges that they offer to prepare and file bankruptcy petitions and other court papers for customers in order to obstruct IRS law-enforcement efforts. In addition, the suit claims that Kotmair and Save-a-Patriot encourage and help members to violate tax laws by offering “insurance-like protection” for customers whose conduct results in tax-collection efforts or criminal convictions.

“People who sell tax scams enrich themselves at the expense of their customers and law-abiding Americans who pay taxes,” said Eileen J. O’Connor, Assistant Attorney General for the Justice Department’s Tax Division. “The Justice Department and the Internal Revenue Service are working vigorously to stop the promotion of tax fraud.”

This case is part of the Justice Department’s initiative to stop the promotion of tax-fraud schemes. Information about cases involved in this initiative is available at . Frivolous tax arguments are near the top of the IRS’s list of the Dirty Dozen tax scams, the full list of which is available at [http://www.irs.gov/newsroom/article/0,,id=136337,00.html]. Information about the Tax Division is available at [http://www.usdoj.gov/tax/index.html].

--------

Within recent memory the DOJ has taken an increasingly hostile action against many organizations and people taking various positions on the tax laws the IRS finds distasteful, particularly those views shared by the United States Supreme Court in regards to the nature of the income tax as decreed within the US Constitution. SAPF, founded in 1984, was established primarily as a means of promoting education about the tax laws and, for those members who suffer unlawful seizures of funds and property to the IRS, an insurance-like means whereby members support one another. That is, when a member suffers a loss, each of the entire membership contributes a few bucks to that person so they are able to continue on. It really is an excellent program.

The apparent suit filed by DOJ is a civil suit, not a criminal suit. The DOJ is in no way attempting to prove John Kotmair or anyone connected with SAPF has engaged in any criminal activity whatsoever. One of the likely reasons for this is they tried to allege criminal activity in 1993 which coincided with a raid on the SAPF office and home of John Kotmair. That was botched through John Kotmair avoiding their expected indictment by a grand jury the day before the raid. Related criminal charges connected to the operation of SAPF were dismissed in the trial court, and though appealed, was later withdrawn when the IRS/DOJ moved to dismiss their own case "with prejudice", which means such charges could never be alleged again at a future date. Normally receiving such a dismissal is a bit of a slap in the face by a court against prosecuters, but in this case, the prosecutors requested it.

All materials seized by the government from SAPF during the 1993 raid was returned. To this day visitors to the fellowship can read the government stickers put on the filing cabinets during the raid.

This time, our beloved government which we are told to believe is protecting freedom, is attacking the fellowship through civil, not criminal, proceedings which has the advantage of requiring much less proof of any wrongdoing.

I could give my own response to the allegations listed, but will first defer to John Kotmair and fellowship. I know John Kotmair personally and it is his nature to fight this to the end. Should the DOJ win this suit and have the requested order issued, it would mean violation of the order could lead to criminal action. If the DOJ loses, then things go on as before. Unfortunately, the government has endless resources to file for such injunctions, paying all those involved salaries to do so, while those targeted by them need to defend themselves on their own dime and time.

Those interested may choose to tune in to libertyfeed.com at 8 PM Eastern time, Saturday May 14 to listen to SAPF's weekly meeting where this development may be discussed.

More to come.

Neil McIver
www.cjmciver.org

For subscription changes, email lwan@cjmciver.org with 'subscribe' or 'unsubscribe' in the subject line.

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#1. To: Neil McIver (#0)

The DOJ is filing a civil case? I didn't know they could do that. I thought civil cases were between two private parties, not between the government and a person.

RickyJ  posted on  2005-05-14   4:41:47 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#2. To: Neil McIver (#0)

I'm calling B/S on them.

For one, although I'm sure they can get away with this.. if you or I tried something similar (A civil case) they'd claim we had no standing.

What other answer could there possibly be? They can't claim to be financially wronged, as the Government has no money of their own to begin with.

For two, If Kotmair is a crook, they should throw him in jail.. but it looks like they tried that and failed. Thus, I'd consider this to be double jeapordy.

I know they did it to OJ, and others.. but I didn't approve of it then either.

If it's the same "crime" then IMO, that's double jeapoardy.. plain and simple.

For three, who's he hurting and what's the point?

If this stuff is illegal, then all these members of his tax scheme will be summarily tossed in jail anyway, correct? So why does he have any "members" at all at this point and those people will have much more standing for a civil case. Why not let them do it and just enforce tax law as written.. Which should be their sole concern to begin with.

For four, Obstruction? Look, if filing papers with the court is "Obstruction" or something similar, then there's a bunch of lawyers & CPA's who should be headed to jail also.. It's their job to advise on tax strategy and suggest these things as a way of sheilding their clients. This is a given.. Everyone knows and expects it. We pay for it. It's the service they sell us. But it's a no-no when Kotmair does it? How does that work?

Jhoffa_  posted on  2005-05-14   7:21:36 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#3. To: RickyJ (#1)

I didn't know they could do that. I thought civil cases were between two private parties, not between the government and a person.

Most IRS investigations begin as Civil causes and end up being criminal causes. The civil cause in many DOJ cases results in a criminal proscution. They use the cuvil side of law to circumvent certain rights that their opponent might have under criminal law.

noone222  posted on  2005-05-14   7:25:23 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#4. To: Neil McIver (#0)

For Five, an injunction? Why an injunction?

Isn't that just telling him to shut up, but not holding anyone accountable?

If they're so sure he's a crook.. Why not go after him with both barrels. (again)

Sounds like they just want to chase members of SAPF around and drive them broke, much like L Ron Hubbard did with his detractors.

He openly claimed the point of legal action wasn't to win, it was to break your adversary financially.

Jhoffa_  posted on  2005-05-14   7:26:19 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#5. To: RickyJ (#1)

They are not suing for monetary damages, but this suit is not pressing any criminal charges either, and if it's not criminal, it's civil. An injunction is just a court order to keep someone from doing something, so I do believe this falls under civil rules and not criminal rules.

Neil McIver  posted on  2005-05-14   10:42:59 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#6. To: Jhoffa_ (#2)

They can't claim to be financially wronged, as the Government has no money of their own to begin with.

They can and do. There is a charge of "conspiracy to defraud" the US government of tax revenue. Though it might easily conflict with the right of speech and press, it's nonetheless alleged.

For two, If Kotmair is a crook, they should throw him in jail.. but it looks like they tried that and failed. Thus, I'd consider this to be double jeapordy.

You can be hit by both civil and criminal charges, and even with just criminal, people can be charged both under state law and federal law for the same crime. The Rodney King cops that were acquitted in a California court were retried in federal court for the same thing.

I know they did it to OJ, and others.. but I didn't approve of it then either.

The system is not exactly well tuned....

For four, Obstruction? Look, if filing papers with the court is "Obstruction" or something similar, then there's a bunch of lawyers & CPA's who should be headed to jail also.. It's their job to advise on tax strategy and suggest these things as a way of sheilding their clients. This is a given.. Everyone knows and expects it. We pay for it. It's the service they sell us. But it's a no-no when Kotmair does it? How does that work?

A little too well, it seems.

Neil McIver  posted on  2005-05-14   10:53:27 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#7. To: Jhoffa_ (#4)

For Five, an injunction? Why an injunction?

Isn't that just telling him to shut up, but not holding anyone accountable?

Yes. An injunction is easier to get. They pretty much can't charge Kotmair with any tax crimes ever again so this is the best they can do, or at least dare try, given the history.

Once/if they get the order, if the order is then violated then the person violating the order can be charged with contempt or similar violations, which could land one in jail.

Neil McIver  posted on  2005-05-14   11:00:06 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#8. To: All (#0)

Those interested may choose to tune in to libertyfeed.com at 8 PM Eastern time, Saturday May 14 to listen to SAPF's weekly meeting where this development may be discussed.

Bump!

robin  posted on  2005-05-14   12:59:31 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#9. To: robin, *LWAN* (#8)

Thanks Robin.

A copy of the actual DOJ complaint can be found at:

http://www.usdoj.gov/tax/KotmairComplaint.pdf

There is quite a bit wrong with it, perhaps most notably is the DOJ's attempt to issue an injunction against all members of a 1st Amendment, non statutory association.

Neil McIver  posted on  2005-05-15   2:20:04 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#10. To: Neil McIver (#9)

injunction against all members of a 1st Amendment, non statutory association

I read the pdf. Obviously what the defendants are selling is quite reasonable despite the attempt to paint it as fraudulent ("multi-level marketing" and "false", "fraudulent", and "frivolous" repeated ad nauseum). They claim the books they are selling contain "false commercial speech", but in the next paragraph admit that the defendants "falsely advertise" their books (i.e. the content may be false speech, but not false "commercial" speech).

That same paragraph (23) is essentially an admission that this injunction/indictment is circular, that it must be false that thousands of Americans have stopped filing returns 100% lawfully because this injunction alleges it is illegal. I haven't read IRC section 6700 but I imagine that it reads just like this injunction/indictment.

purpleman  posted on  2005-05-15   8:11:43 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#11. To: Neil McIver, JHoffa_ (#6)

They can't claim to be financially wronged, as the Government has no money of their own to begin with.

One thing we have to learn when talking about the tyrannical government and that is, we should drop the word "can't" from our vernacular. They CAN do anything they want because they have the force to do it. They also have our $$ to fight us with. Look, there is no rule of law. There is no justice and if you happen to be in their crosshairs, it's pretty much over for you.

christine  posted on  2005-05-15   10:29:15 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#12. To: christine (#11)

They CAN do anything they want because they have the force to do it. They also have our $$ to fight us with. Look, there is no rule of law. There is no justice

Very accurately stated ... we need to begin making their efforts more painful and costly, so much so that they begin to re-assess their practices.

Their M.O. is to single us out because we haven't found a means of uniting against them, even though it is clearly documented that they declared war upon us in 1933.

noone222  posted on  2005-05-15   10:38:02 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#13. To: noone222 (#12)

even though it is clearly documented that they declared war upon us in 1933.

actually, it was in 1861 with Lincoln's executive order called the Lieber Code.

christine  posted on  2005-05-15   10:51:05 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#14. To: christine, noone222 (#13)

Sherman himself admitted after the war that he was taught at West Point that he could be hanged for the things he did. But in war the victors always write the history and are never punished for war crimes, no matter how heinous. Only the defeated suffer that fate. That is why very few Americans are aware of the fact that the unspeakable atrocities of war committed against civilians, from the firebombing of Dresden, the rape of Nanking, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, to the World Trade Center bombings, had their origins in Lincoln’s war. This is yet another reason why Americans will continue their fascination with the War for Southern Independence.

http://www.the7thfire.com/Politics%20and% 20History/Lincoln/targeting_civilians.htm

wbales  posted on  2005-05-15   11:11:55 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#15. To: christine (#13)

actually, it was in 1861 with Lincoln's executive order called the Lieber Code.

I lay prostrate begging for forgiveness ... you are absolutely correct.

noone222  posted on  2005-05-15   11:15:54 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#16. To: christine (#13)

And should ever get the chance, read this book:

The Tragic Era The Revolution After Lincoln

by Claude G. Bowers [1929]

It is shocking, disturbing, insane and gives a history few EVER have read about nor even know about.

wbales  posted on  2005-05-15   11:16:00 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#17. To: purpleman (#10)

There are a lot of inconsistancies. It alternates between "customers" and "members" of SAPF, "defendant" vs "defendants", John Kotmair "d.b.a" SAPF vs SAPF as an unincorporated association. The word "commercial" is thrown in for jurisdictional reasons. They also seek an order against "servants" and "attornies" of SAPF. Servants???

How can an order be issued by a judge against people that are not even named in the suit as a defendant? Perhaps it's standard practice to just throw a net as big as possible in the hopes of getting just a few to stick.

Some of the wording is apparently designed to connect to case history. The whole complaint could be parsed out pointing to errors and misrepresentations and in some cases, allegations that are of no wrongdoing.

Neil McIver  posted on  2005-05-15   12:08:44 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#18. To: noone222 (#15)

forgiven ;)

christine  posted on  2005-05-15   15:40:34 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#19. To: wbales (#16)

it sounds fascinating. i'll get it. thank you.

christine  posted on  2005-05-15   15:41:39 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#20. To: Neil McIver (#0)

http://www.save-a-patriot.org/files/PDF- MembershipAgreement.pdf

VICTORY EXPRESS! All aboard!!

With the "Victory Express" program in place, each member is now assessed a 10 FRN [FRN = "Federal Reserve Note." Read: "Dollar"] minimum per claim, regardless of the size of the claim, and no matter how large the membership becomes. For example, when the membership hits 50,000 members (In 1984, the federal government stated that the number of participants in the Tax Patriot part of the Constitutional Revival Movement was 80,000 -- what is it today?), members will be shouting, "Attack me, come after me!" At 10 FRNs minimum assessment per member, the received amount would be 500,000 FRNs for going to a federal prison camp or for the loss of a car regardless of its actual value. Most people don't make that much money working for years. The fear of incarceration loses its sting, since the incarceration assessments are for each year or any part of a year. What will happen when the membership reaches 100,000? We believe this will cause enrollments to explode!

Using the example of Mr. Freeman: if the membership numbered only 2,000, he would receive 20,000 FRNs (10 FRN minimum times 2,000) for his 9,000 car. That's a profit of 11,000 FRNs for losing his car. Can you imagine? With 100,000 members, most likely we'd see IRS agents contemplating and maybe even lining up to become members. The bigger we get, the better the support will get. Now, with the Victory Express, Americans more then (sic) ever can assert their Constitutional rights and obey the law as written without FEAR. Presto, Mr. Freeman's friends lose their fear of the IRS and join the Constitutional Revival Movement.

--------------------------------------------------------

http://www.taxfreedom101. com/pages/victory.htm

EXAMPLE #4: 100,000 MEMBERS IN THE FELLOWSHIP

MEMBER INCARCERATED The IRS charges a Fellowship member with willful failure to file a return, supply information or pay tax, 26 USC ' 7203. This is a misdemeanor with a penalty of incarceration for one year. The member is convicted and sentenced to six months in a federal camp. The member files for a Fellowship assessment claim. The claim is verified that the member followed the requirements within the Membership Program Agreement. The assessment is apportioned to the membership and this time the return is 100% of the assessment. The total received by the member is 1,000,000.00 FRNs. The cost of the member's defense attorney was 20,000.00 FRNs, making the net profit 980,000.00 FRNs for six months of the member's time. What job in today's marketplace pays like that?

"... IRS employees will be defecting and the Federal Reserve Bank system will collapse."

You say that this looks good on paper, but can it actually happen? It is more probable than winning the lottery, and the pay out is not over a period of 20 years. Before we reach 100,000 members, our members will be begging the IRS to levy them, and when our membership finally does reach 100,000, IRS employees will be defecting and the Federal Reserve Bank system will collapse. We will have the political clout to punish the wrong doers and set aside that portion of the national debt owed to the Fed Bank because it was gained by fraudulent acts.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[nc] Using the example of 100,000 members, and 99% collect nothing whatsoever, only 1% would collect anything. 1% would be 1,000 members. Members would be required to send $10 to each collecting member, for an expense to EACH member of $10,000 per year. (Or $833.33/month or $27.40/day)

[nc] 1,000 members receiving $1M would be $1 BILLION dollars coming from the other members.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------

http://www.save-a-patriot.org/files/PDF- MembershipAgreement.pdf

The surest and safest protection for funds is to keep them in the hands of the insured. The only money sent to SAPF Headquarters is the annual 99 FRN membership participation fee (tendered in FRNs or totally blank postal money order). This fee is used for SAPF administration staff, rent, phone, printing, equipment, postage, etc.). All other moneys assessed for the benefit of a member's loss are sent directly to that member claimant by other SAPF members, after receipt of the claim that has been verified by the SAPF Headquarters staff.

[nc - 100,000 members times $99 equals $9.9 MILLION. With all payments to members being made directly by other members, this $9.9M should nicely fund administration, rent, phone, printing, equipiment and postage, and have enough left over to fund the bandwidth for Free Republic.]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------

http://www.save-a-patriot.org/files/PDF- MembershipAgreement.pdf

This program does not make it cost effective for the IRS to confiscate Mr. Freeman's auto, if he resists properly. If the loss to the Patriot is nothing, but is actually a profit -- and the expense to each member is only 10 FRNs -- THEN WHO IS THE REAL LOSER?

[nc - The individual member paying $10,000 a year into this Ponzi scheme.]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------

http://www.save-a-patriot.org/files/PDF- MembershipAgreement.pdf

Civil Coverage: Will be paid in FRNs or a TOTALLY BLANK POSTAL MONEY ORDER directly to the Member claimant or his/her assign (accompanied by the paying Member's I.D. number), only after SAPF HQ has determined that a judgment does exist and that the claimant, to the best of his/ her ability, has taken advantage of every agency appeal procedure and court proceeding lawfully possible; and only after SAPF has verified the actual market value of the real and/or personal property confiscated.

[nc - It will be a while. Well... keep reading.]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------

http://www.taxfreedom 101.com/pages/memberships.htm

Save-A-Patriot Fellowship

FULL MASTER MEMBERSHIP: A one-time payment of F$697 is required for a Full Master Membership. This is a legal defense and support membership which provides access to the Case Development Department (member is assigned a personal case worker to respond under Power of Attorney to correspondence received by the member from the IRS, to make Freedom of Information Act and Privacy Act requests, and other case development work), Paralegal Department assistance (court filings and motions, bankruptcy to stay IRS collection actions, etc.), and access to the National Worker’s Rights Committee (assists members with employment related issues such as stopping withholding in the workplace, with state tax issues and with criminal investigations).

* * *

Benefits of Membership

* * *

Member Assistance Program - Insurance-like Protection: After the 6 months member in good standing clause has been met the member is eligible for the Members Assistance Program [Full Membership is required prior to submitting a claim - see Program Agreement clink below for further conditions]. Civil coverage compensates a member up to $150,000 for property illegally confiscated by IRS. Criminal coverage pays beneficiary listed on Fellowship Program Agreement. $25,000 per year if member is incarcerated. Each member assessed less than $20 average per month to assist damaged fellow members. Civil and Criminal coverage could be substantially higher under the newly implemented Victory Express - see our Plunder Protection page for more information!

* * *

CASE DEVELOPMENT UNDER POWER OF ATTORNEY: A Full Member has the option of giving Power of Attorney (POA) to Fellowship founder and fiduciary, John Kotmair, and most members do. As soon the new Member’s application for membership has been received at Fellowship headquarters, s/he should call the Fellowship to obtain the name of his/her caseworker. This person will be available to answer the member’s questions regarding any correspondence received by the member from the IRS. Under no circumstances will the caseworker provide legal or other tax advice, however s/he will gladly review the member’s available options under the law and explain what other members have done in similar circumstances. Case development is managed under the POA program, where the member’s due process rights are asserted by exhausting all of the member’s available due process rights and administrative remedies by timely responding to all IRS letters, rebutting incorrect presumptions, putting IRS on legal notice of the misapplication of their own code resulting in wrongful procedure against the member, etc.

[nc - Check out that language -- "up to $150,000 for property illegally confiscated by IRS" -- SAPF incurs no liability unless the member shows that the property was ILLEGALLY confiscated by the IRS. The only way to prove the confiscation was ILLEGAL is to prove it in court. Good luck.]

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

IF YOU ARE "LUCKY" ENOUGH TO BE REPRESENTED BY BOSSMAN JOHN KOTMAIR HIMSELF, THIS IS WHAT TO EXPECT.

http://www.usdoj.gov/eoir/OcahoMain/publisheddecisions/Hardbound/Volum e7/924.pdf

7 OCAHO 924

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
EXECUTIVE OFFICE FOR IMMIGRATION REVIEW
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF ADMINISTRATIVE HEARING OFFICER

April 11, 1997

MICHAEL K. LEE, Complainant,
v.
AT&T Respondent.

8 U.S.C. §1324b Proceeding
OCAHO Case No. 97B0003

ORDER EXCLUDING COMPLAINANT'S REPRESENTATIVE

I. Background

On November 25, 1996, Complainant Michael K. Lee (hereinafter referred to as Complainant or Lee) filed a complaint with the Office of the Chief Administrative Hearing Officer (OCAHO) against AT&T. The complaint is not signed by Lee, but rather by John Kotmair, pursuant to a power of attorney signed by Lee on October 22, 1996, authorizing, inter alia, Kotmair to represent him before an Administrative Law Judge.

On January 16, 1997, Lucent Technologies, Inc. (hereinafter Lucent) filed an answer to the complaint, asserting in the answer that it has been divested by AT&T, but that it was the employing entity of Complainant. Although it did not seek formal substitution, Lucent asserts that it is the proper respondent in this matter. The answer admits certain allegations of the complaint and denies certain allegations. For example, the answer admits that Lee worked for Respondent from July 15, 1991 to August 2, 1994, but asserts that he was terminated due to unsatisfactory conduct (insubordination), not because of his citizenship status. The answer further states that the complaint should be dismissed because it fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, the complaint is untimely, and there is a lack of subject matter jurisdiction.

Since the answer raises an issue as to timeliness, in the First Prehearing Order issued on January 17, 1997, I ordered Complainant to file with the Court any information showing the date he received the determination letter from the Office of Special Counsel for Immigration-Related Unfair Employment Practices (OSC) in which OSC informed Complainant that it would not file a complaint on Lee's behalf, but that he could file an action directly with an Administrative Law Judge. On February 6, 1997, Complainant filed a reply to the First Prehearing Order, asserting that, although OSC's determination letter is dated February 12, 1996, Complainant did not receive such notification from OSC until August 28, 1996.

On January 20, 1997, Complainant served a motion to strike the answer to the complaint filed by Lucent and to oppose any further responses from Lucent until Lucent proves that it was divested from AT&T prior to Lee's termination and that the decision to fire Lee was made by Lucent, rather than AT&T. On January 30, 1997, Lucent filed an opposition to the motion to strike. On February 11, 1997, Complainant served another motion to strike Lucent Technologies, and on that same date served a motion for default judgment because AT&T had not filed an answer to the complaint.

In the Second Prehearing Order, issued on February 24, 1997, I ordered Complainant to provide a supplemental response concerning its complaint allegations. I noted in that Order that although the complaint asserted that he was fired on February 6, 1994, in his October 19, 1995 letter to the OSC, he states that he was fired on August 2, 1994. I ordered Complainant either to amend his complaint or to explain the apparent inconsistency. Further, I ordered Complainant to submit a copy of the written notification from Respondent terminating his employment and to state whether the oral or written notification should be considered the date that he was fired. He has not done so. Complainant also was ordered to state the date(s) that AT&T refused to accept the documents specified in the complaint. Since Complainant had named AT&T as the respondent in the lawsuit and was seeking a default judgment against AT&T, I ordered Complainant to address the question of whether service on AT&T had been properly effectuated and to submit any evidence in its possession showing that AT&T was doing business at 1111 Woods Mill Road, Baldwin, Missouri 63011 on December 22, 1996, and that Norman Howard is an employee of AT&T authorized to accept service for AT&T. To date, Complainant has not provided that information.

On March 5, 1997, Complainant served a pleading entitled Response to Second Prehearing Order and Second Request for Default Judgement. Contrary to its title, it was not responsive to, and did not provide the information required by, the Second Prehearing Order. Since the pleading was not responsive to the Second Prehearing Order, and since a motion for default judgment already had been filed, in an order issued on March 6, 1997, I struck Complainant's pleading. I also reminded Complainant that the information required by the Second Prehearing Order must be filed by March 11, 1997, and if he failed to do so, appropriate sanctions might be imposed pursuant to 28 C.F.R. §§68.23 and 68.37. Further, I ordered Complainant not to file any further pleadings until a proper response was made to the Second Prehearing Order. [1]

Despite the clear directions provided by the March 6, 1997 Order, on March 11, 1997, Complainant filed a Motion for Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, which, contrary to its title, merely sought reconsideration of the Order Striking Complainant's Pleading. That pleading also was not accepted for filing.

In the Third Prehearing Order issued on March 12, 1997, I noted that I had allowed the parties to conduct limited discovery on the issues raised by the pending motions filed by Complainant, as well as the defenses raised by Lucent concerning lack of jurisdiction, lack of timeliness in filing the complaint, and improper service. I specifically gave leave to Lucent to file a motion addressing the issues raised in its answer to the complaint, as well as whether Lucent is properly substituted as the proper Respondent. I noted that Complainant's failure to comply with the Second Prehearing Order invited the imposition of sanctions or a possible finding of abandonment. Complainant specifically was ordered not to serve any new motions or pleadings until I adjudicated the pending motions, and I stated that any pleadings served in violation of the Order would not be accepted for filing.

Despite this very clear ruling, on April 2, 1997, Complainant served a pleading entitled Answer to Judge Barton's Third Prehearing Order, which was submitted in direct defiance of my prior orders. Consequently, that pleading was stricken by my Order dated April 7, 1997.

Because Complainant's representative continued to violate my orders, I decided to schedule a telephone prehearing conference. On April 8, 1997, both Mr. Goemaat, counsel for Lucent Technologies, and Mr. Kotmair's office were informed by telephone that a telephone conference would be held at 9 a.m. on April 10, 1997, and on that same date a written order was issued directing both Mr. Kotmair and Mr. Goematt to appear for the conference on April 10. The April 8 Order informed the parties that the conference would address Complainant's compliance with past orders, Complainant's submission of unauthorized pleadings, as well as Mr. Kotmair's competence to practice before this tribunal, his compliance with the standards of conduct, and his continued participation in this case. Further, the parties were warned that if a party's representative failed to attend the conference, sanctions might be imposed on the party and/or representative, including possible exclusion of the party's representative.

On April 9, 1997, at 2:34 p.m., my office received by FAX a pleading from Complainant entitled Response to Order Directing Parties to Appear for Telephone Prehearing Conference, in which Kotmair stated that he was unavailable for the prehearing conference on April 10, 1997, and, citing 28 C.F.R. §68.13, requested a reasonable notice of at least seven days. This pleading is more significant for what it did not say than what it did say. First, it is not a motion or even a request for a postponement. Moreover, Mr. Kotmair did not state that he had a previous engagement for 9 a.m. on April 10, or that he would not be in the office at that time. Rather, he asserted that because of prior commitments and an already pressing schedule, he needed more notice.

Contrary to Kotmair's suggestion, the Rules of Practice do not require seven days notice of a prehearing conference and, in fact, do not prescribe any specific number of days notice. Rule 68.33 provides, in pertinent part, that a "judge may direct the parties or their counsel to participate in a prehearing conference at any reasonable time prior to the hearing." (emphasis added). Sometimes prehearing conferences need to be scheduled on short notice, and, in this case, considering the propensity of Complainant's representative to violate orders, I concluded that this issue needed to be addressed very quickly. Moreover, Kotmair failed to show why he could not attend the conference at the scheduled time or why the notice was unreasonable.

Therefore, after receiving the "Response," at my direction, my secretary contacted Mr. Kotmair's office on the afternoon of April 9, 1997, and spoke to his secretary Bonnie and informed her that the conference would proceed as scheduled on April 10 at 9 a.m. Mr. Kotmair then came to the telephone. At that time he did not state that he had another engagement that prevented his attendance, but simply angrily informed my secretary that he would not attend the conference and hung up the telephone.

On April 10, 1997, at 9 a.m., my secretary placed a telephone call to Mr. Kotmair's office that was answered by his secretary Bonnie who stated that Mr. Kotmair was "unavailable" for the conference. When asked whether he was present in the office, she repeated that he was unavailable. My secretary informed her that the conference would proceed without Mr. Kotmair. This telephone conversation was recorded by the court reporter.

The conference then proceeded with Mr. Goemaat present as counsel for Lucent. The conference lasted approximately thirty minutes. At the end of the conference, I ruled that Mr. Kotmair had shown by his past actions, including his failure to attend the conference, that he was incompetent to represent Complainant in this action. I also ruled that he had violated the standards of conduct prescribed by 28 C.F.R. §68.35 by failing to comply with directions, by engaging in dilatory tactics, by refusing to adhere to reasonable standards of orderly and ethical conduct, and by failing to act in good faith. I further ruled that no further pleadings signed or prepared by Mr. Kotmair would be accepted for filing. Lucent was ordered to serve Complainant Michael Lee with any pleadings or communications, rather than Mr. Kotmair, and I stated that any further pleadings served on Lucent by Mr. Kotmair could be ignored since he was being excluded immediately from any further participation in the case.

Mr. Goemaat stated that on March 14, 1997 requests for admissions and interrogatories had been served on Mr. Kotmair as Complainant's representative. I ordered Lucent to serve those discovery requests directly on Mr. Lee, and Mr. Goemaat indicated he would do so by April 14, 1997. Finally, I gave Lucent an extension of time until June 2, 1997, to serve the motion referenced in the Third and Fourth Prehearing Orders.

The entire conference has been recorded by the court reporter. While these oral rulings are on the record, since Mr. Kotmair did not attend the conference, I stated during the conference that a written ruling also would be issued. After the service of this Order, Mr. Kotmair will be deleted from the service list.

II. Lay Representatives

As noted previously, Complainant has executed a power of attorney that authorizes a lay representative, John Kotmair, to represent him in this proceeding. Kotmair does not claim to be a lawyer, or to have attended law school. However, he is currently representing several individuals in other cases pending before this judge and other OCAHO Administrative Law Judges.

The Rules of Practice neither specifically authorize nor prohibit lay representation. See 28 C.F.R. §68.33 (1996). However, it has been the practice in past OCAHO cases to allow an individual party, whether a complainant or respondent, to appear pro se. It also has been the practice to allow a corporate party to be represented by a non-attorney owner or officer. [2] Nevertheless, the Rules of Practice do not specify what types of lay representation are permissible.

In this case an individual seeks to be represented by a non-attorney Prior to the recent cases involving Mr. Kotmair, I have found only one OCAHO case that involved lay representation of an individual, and that representative was a relative of the individual respondent. See United States v. Chaudry, 3 OCAHO 588, at 1 (1993) (upon receiving no objection from the complainant and upon finding no prejudice to the Court, the respondent's brother, a non- attorney was allowed to represent the respondent). Prior to Kotmair's appearance, there have not been any OCAHO cases involving lay representation of an individual complainant. [3]

When a party seeks to be represented by a lay individual, two questions are presented:

1. Whether the OCAHO Rules of Practice authorize the Judge to allow such representation; and

2. Whether the OCAHO Rules of Practice require the Judge to permit such representation.

With respect to the first question, Rule 68.33 does not specifically address the question of whether lay representatives are allowed. Rule 68.33 permits a party to appear on his own behalf, which suggests that pro se representation is allowed, and it specifically authorizes a party to be represented by a qualified attorney. 28 C.F.R. §68.33(a), (b) (1996). However, the Rules do not specifically authorize lay representation.

Rule 68.35, which governs Standards of Conduct, does suggest that lay representation is permitted. Rule 68.35(b) provides that the Administrative Law Judge may exclude a representative from a proceeding and "may suspend the proceeding for a reasonable time for the purpose of enabling a party to obtain another attorney or representative." (emphasis added). Since the rule refers to both an attorney and a representative, the latter can only mean a lay representative. Nevertheless, the rule is silent as to when and what type of lay representation is permitted. The rule certainly could be interpreted as allowing only certain types of lay representation (e.g., someone associated with the party, such as an officer or owner of a corporate party).

The issue of Mr. Kotmair's lay representation has been discussed in some recent orders. In Lee v. Airtouch Communications, 6 OCAHO 901, at 8 (1996), the respondent sought to exclude Mr. Kotmair as a lay representative, in part because he is an alleged convicted felon. [4] However, since the case was dismissed on other grounds, the Judge made no findings or ruling on the lay representation issue. Id. at 13. In Costigan v. NYNEX, 6 OCAHO 918 (1997), a case decided by the undersigned, the respondent in that case moved to disqualify Complainant's representative, John Kotmair, solely on the ground that he is not an attorney. I concluded that the Rules of Practice neither specifically authorized nor prohibited lay representation, but suggested that lay representation might be permissible under the OCAHO Rules of Practice. As in Airtouch, because I granted NYNEX's motion to dismiss, I declined to decide the issue of lay representation. Id. at 12.

In Costigan, I further stated that, even assuming that lay representation is permissible, a particular lay representative may not be permitted to appear if there are reasonable concerns about his competence or ethical standards. If a lay representative seeks to represent a party in a particular case, the lay representative must act in accordance with the same ethical standards required of attorneys. Moreover, a representative may be barred from the proceeding if he fails to comply with directions or fails to adhere to reasonable standards of orderly and ethical conduct. 28 C.F.R. §68.35 (b) (1996).

While I conclude that the OCAHO Rules of Practice do not bar all types of lay representation, I also find that lay representation is not a matter of right, but is subject to the direction and control of the judge. At the initial stage of the case, even assuming that the lay representative has secured the necessary authorization from the party, the lay representative's appearance in the case is subject to the control of the presiding judge, whether any objection is made by the opposing party or not. Thus, the Court serves as a gatekeeper to assure that a lay representative is competent and qualified to represent a party in the lawsuit, and that the representative will abide by the standards of conduct. Even assuming that the judge initially permits the lay representative to appear on behalf of a party, the lay representative must act in accordance with the same ethical standards required of attorneys. A representative may be barred by the judge from the proceeding if the representative fails to act competently or fails to act in accordance with the standards of conduct required by 28 C.F.R. §68.35(b).

III. Exclusion of Complainant's Representative

In this case I conclude that Complainant's representative should be excluded for two reasons:

1. He is not competent to act as Complainant's representative in this proceeding; and

2. He has not acted in accordance with the standards of conduct.

With respect to the issue of competency, there are several important legal issues that have been raised in this lawsuit, including whether this tribunal has subject matter jurisdiction, whether the complaint is timely filed, whether the charge with OSC was filed in a timely manner, whether the complaint states a claim upon which relief may be granted, and whether Lucent may be properly substituted for AT&T as the party respondent in this case. [5] Although Complainant served a motion for default judgment (in fact, two default judgment motions), such motions are not automatically granted, even if the named respondent has not filed an answer to the complaint, especially if there are serious questions about jurisdiction. [6] I ordered both parties to submit further information with respect to these issues.

Complainant's representative has failed to provide the information that my Second Prehearing Order directed him to provide. Moreover, his simplistic approach to these issues reflected in his pleadings shows that he either does not understand the legal issues or is acting in bad faith. In either case, he has amply demonstrated that he is not competent to act as Complainant's representative in this proceeding.

Even assuming that a lay representative is competent to represent a party in a proceeding, the representative may be barred if he does not comport with the standards of conduct. The Rules of Practice specifically provide that a Judge may exclude a representative for refusal to comply with directions, continued use of dilatory tactics, refusal to adhere to reasonable standards of orderly and ethical conduct, or failure to act in good faith. 28 C.F.R. §68.35(b) (1996). Although the Rule is phrased in the disjunctive, not the conjunctive, I find that all four factors are present here.

Mr. Kotmair clearly has failed to comply with directions. He has not provided the information required by the Second Prehearing Order issued on February 24, 1997. That Order required that the information be filed within 15 days, or not later than March 11, 1997. Moreover, in the Third Prehearing Order issued on March 12, 1997, I reminded Complainant that he had not provided the information required by the Second Prehearing Order, and that his failure to act invited the imposition of sanctions.

Despite very specific rulings, Complainant's representative has continued to defy my orders prohibiting filing of any new motions or pleadings until he complied with the Second Prehearing Order, and until the pending motions, including Complainant's motion for default judgment, were adjudicated. On March 6, 1997, in rejecting Complainant's Response to Second Prehearing Order, I specifically ordered Complainant "not to file any further pleadings until a proper response is made to the Second Prehearing Order." In the Third Prehearing Order, I directed Complainant not to serve any new motions or pleadings until I had adjudicated the pending motions, and I warned that any pleadings served in violation of that Order would not be accepted for filing. Yet despite those very clear directions, on April 2, 1997, Kotmair served an unauthorized answer to the Third Prehearing Order. That pleading was stricken in an Order issued on April 7, 1997.

To date, Kotmair has submitted three unauthorized pleadings which have been stricken. [7] Addressing these unauthorized pleadings wastes valuable judicial time and resources, and there is no assurance that he will refrain from filing unauthorized pleadings in the future.

As a final example of refusal to comply with orders, Kotmair failed, without good cause, to attend the prehearing conference scheduled for April 10, 1997. [8] The conference was scheduled to give Kotmair the opportunity to show that he was competent to practice before this tribunal, that he would adhere to the standards of conduct, and that in the future he would refrain from filing unauthorized pleadings and that he would obey this tribunal's orders. By refusing to attend the conference (except on his own terms), he has waived the opportunity for a hearing on his fitness to practice. I hereby find that Kotmair has failed to comply with directions, and there is a substantial likelihood that such conduct will continue in the future.

Kotmair also has engaged in dilatory tactics by filing frivolous and unauthorized motions. A prime example was the filing of a second request for default judgment, when the first motion had not yet been adjudicated! The filing of these various motions simply has wasted judicial time and resources, which could have been utilized in considering the merits of this case. [9]

I find that Kotmair has refused to adhere to reasonable standards of orderly and ethical conduct and has failed to act in good faith. In addition to his propensity for ignoring and violating orders, the language used in the pleadings signed and filed by Kotmair are disrespectful and vituperative and would warrant sanctions and referral to the bar against any attorney utilizing such language. Although he is a lay representative, he is expected to comport himself with the same high standards expected of legal counsel. As provided in 28 C.F.R. §68.35(a), all persons appearing in proceedings before an Administrative Law Judge are expected to act with integrity and in an ethical manner.

The pleadings filed by Kotmair raise questions as to his fitness and competency to represent the Complainant in this case. The Judge may exclude from proceedings parties, or their representatives, who refuse to comply with directions, continue to use dilatory tactics, refuse to adhere to reasonable standards of orderly and ethical conduct, or fail to act in good faith. Kotmair's filings in this case raise serious questions both as to his competency and his ethics. By refusing to provide the information directed by the Second Prehearing Order, by serving repetitive, frivolous, and unauthorized pleadings in violation of my prior orders, and by his use of contemptuous and disrespectful language, I find that Kotmair has failed to comply with directions, has engaged in dilatory tactics, has failed to adhere to reasonable standards of orderly and ethical conduct, and has failed to act in good faith.

Consequently, I find that Mr. Kotmair is not qualified to act in a representative capacity, within the meaning of 28 C.F.R. §68.33, and has not comported himself with the standards of conduct required by 28 C.F.R. §68.35. He is hereby excluded from any further participation in this proceeding. No further filings signed or prepared by Mr. Kotmair will be accepted in this case. Further, Lucent Technologies is directed not to serve Mr. Kotmair with any further pleadings, but rather to serve the same on Complainant Lee directly, until he secures another representative.

Complainant may represent himself in this proceeding or may seek to obtain other representation. Any new representative must file a notice of appearance as required by the Rules of Practice. 28 C.F.R. §68.33. If Complainant again selects a non-attorney representative, that person will be required to show his qualifications, as well as his authority to act. If Complainant does not select another representative, he will be required to represent himself in this matter.

As provided during the prehearing conference on April 10, 1997, Lucent shall serve Michael Lee directly with the outstanding discovery requests. Lucent shall have until June 2, 1997, to file the motion referenced in the Third and Fourth Prehearing Orders.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

ROBERT L. BARTON, JR. Administrative Law Judge

----------------------------------------------------

[1] When dealing with a party who persists in filing frivolous pleadings, it is sometimes necessary to enjoin that party from filing further pleadings without prior permission. See, e.g., Brock v. Angelone, 105 F.3d 952, 953 (4th Cir. 1997) (federal circuit court prohibits inmate from filing further appeals unless district court certifies appeal as having some arguable merit).

[2] Since a corporation is not a natural person, but rather a legal entity, it can only appear in a lawsuit through an individual. Thus, allowing an owner, officer, or director to appear on behalf of a corporation is equivalent to pro se representation. While such pro se representation of a corporate party is not normally permissible in court proceedings, see Annotation, Propriety and Effect of Corporation's Appearance Pro Se through Agent who is not Attorney, 8 A.L.R. 5th (1993), it has been allowed in OCAHO administrative proceedings.

[3] In Alvarez v. Interstate Highway Constr., 2 OCAHO 385, at 2 (1991), the Judge permitted an association of employers to represent the respondent company upon finding reliable proof that the party had authorized representation by a lay representative and that the non-attorney association possessed some degree of competence, "including a familiarity with the statute and regulations that govern these proceedings."

[4] The official record in that case shows that Mr. Kotmair was convicted in the federal district court of Maryland in 1982 for wilful failure to file income tax returns and aiding and abetting, and was sentenced by Judge Miller of that Court to serve one year in prison and to pay a fine of $5,000.

[5] Although the OCAHO Rules do not directly address the issue of substitution of parties, the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure may be utilized as a general guideline in any situation not covered by the OCAHO Rules. 28 C.F.R. §68.1 (1996). Therefore, Rule 25 of the FRCP may be relevant to the issue of substitution of parties in this case.

[6] Complainant's representative does not seem to understand that default judgments are disfavored in the law and should be used only where the inaction of a party causes the case to come to a halt. See H.F. Livermore Corp. v. Aktiengesellschaft Gebruder Loepfe, 432 F.2d 689, 691 (D.C. Cir. 1970); United States v. R & M Fashion, Inc., 6 OCAHO 826, at 2 (1995). The preferred disposition of a case is upon the merits and not by default judgment. Gomes v. Williams, 420 F.2d 1364, 1366 (10th Cir. 1970). An answer to the complaint has been filed in this case, and the question pending before this tribunal is whether the answer should be accepted, which depends on whether Lucent should be substituted for AT&T as the party respondent. Kotmair's insistence on entry of a default judgment in such an instance only shows his lack of understanding of the issues in this case.

[7] The unauthorized pleadings that were stricken are entitled "Response to Second Prehearing Order and Second Request for Default Judgment," served on March 5, 1997; "Motion for Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law," served on March 11, 1997; and "Answer to Judge Barton's Third Prehearing Order," served on April 2, 1997. All of these unauthorized pleadings were signed by John Kotmair, and, therefore, he is responsible for their contents. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 11 (b).

[8] Courts have dismissed actions or entered default judgments when a party has failed to attend a pretrial conference. Ikerd v. Lacy, 852 F.2d 1256, 1256, 1258 (10th Cir. 1988); Price v. McGlathery 792 F.2d 472, 475-76 (5th Cir. 1986). However, here dismissing the complaint would be punishing the client for Kotmair's misconduct. While that might be justified, the more appropriate sanction is to exclude the representative and allow the case to proceed.

[9] It is difficult to understand why the Complainant's representative would engage in such self-defeating maneuvers, since normally it is in the interest of the party bringing an action to proceed with the litigation. It is elemental that the Complainant only can obtain the relief sought in the complaint after the judge has issued a ruling on the merits and awarded back pay. Kotmair's actions may simply be a reflection of his lack of understanding of the legal process.

=====================================================

nolu_chan  posted on  2005-05-16   5:33:20 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#21. To: nolu_chan (#20)

You post one ruling of a great many cases that John Kotmair has been involved in, and no info about Kotmair's perspective on what happened. What should that prove?

Re: SAPF's membership assistance program, what's your point? Do you say it's better not to have any program at all, and that the IRS is staffed by lots of humane caring people that would never take things from people unlawfully?

Neil McIver  posted on  2005-05-16   13:18:54 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


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