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History
See other History Articles

Title: Squash grown 10,000 years ago in Peru
Source: yahoo news
URL Source: http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20070628 ... t=AtTh9aUngii752vbqDqNCw1xieAA
Published: Jun 29, 2007
Author: RANDOLPH E. SCHMID,
Post Date: 2007-06-29 03:30:26 by freepatriot32
Ping List: *Agriculture-Environment*     Subscribe to *Agriculture-Environment*
Keywords: Squash, Peru, South America
Views: 105
Comments: 2

WASHINGTON - Agriculture was taking root in South America almost as early as the first farmers were breaking ground in the Middle East, new research indicates. Evidence that squash was being grown nearly 10,000 years ago, in what is now Peru, is reported in Friday's edition of the journal Science.

A team led by anthropologist Tom D. Dillehay of Vanderbilt University also uncovered remains of peanuts from 7,600 years ago and cotton dated to 5,500 years ago in the floors and hearths of sites in the Nanchoc Valley of northern Peru.

"We believe the development of agriculture by the Nanchoc people served as a catalyst for cultural and social changes that eventually led to intensified agriculture, institutionalized political power and new towns in the Andean highlands and along the coast 4,000 to 5,500 years ago," Dillehay said.

Dolores Piperno, curator for archaeobotany and South American archaeology at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History, said the report "adds to the accumulating data for agriculture in the Americas as old or nearly as old as that in the Old World, provides evidence for the domestication of a major species of squash native to South America, and documents ancient peanuts and quinoa."

Piperno, who was not part of the research team, said other species of squash have been identified at early dates in Mexico and Ecuador.

The earliest evidence of growing wheat, barley and legumes dates to about 10,000 to 12,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent of the Middle East.

"The plants we found in northern Peru did not typically grow in the wild in that area," Dillehay said. "We believe they must have therefore been domesticated elsewhere first and then brought to this valley by traders or mobile horticulturists.

The Nanchoc Valley is located on the lower western slopes of the Andes.

In addition to the peanuts, squash and cotton the researchers found a quinoa-like grain, manioc and other tubers and fruits at the sites, including in garden plots, irrigation canals, storage structures and on hoes.

In addition to the Middle East and South America, other early agricultural sites include China, southeast Asia and what is now the eastern United States.

"Many scholars, including myself, believe that the profound environmental transitions and associated changes in the distribution and abundance of wild plants and animals that occurred around the world as the ice age was ending 11,000-10,000 years ago was significant in the development of agriculture in several geographically widespread places at this time," Piperno commented.

She said people in various places "made different choices in how to procure their food as plant and animal availability was changing, and in many places farming was a very good choice."

___

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#1. To: freepatriot32 (#0)

Squash grown 10,000 years ago in Peru

This is quite interesting in view of the stories over the last several months in the ACRRES USA monthly newsletter. In that, they speak of how the natives of South America completely changed the ground in the jungles, burning trees into charcoal and burying it and other substances in the ground, where it became a highly fertile area capable of, in some instances, as much as 800% greater production and for sustained periods of time.

In fact, now, 100s and possibly 1000s of years later, the ground is just as fertile. Ground, of course, in the jungle, is very infertile, so what they are discovering indicates that the pre-Columbus populations in those areas was probably well into the millions, for certainly there was more than enough area that had been treated to support much, much larger populations that what live there now. Of course, we have killed off most of them, without bothering to learn from them.

Light travels faster than sound. This is why some people appear bright until you hear them speak.

richard9151  posted on  2007-06-29   20:59:11 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


#2. To: richard9151 (#1)

Of course, we have killed off most of them, without bothering to learn from them.

Learn from people??? If they can be conquered or killed, what on earth could he have learned from them?? They were apparently weak and ignorant - right? :oP

"If ignorance is bliss, why aren't more people happy?"

ladybug  posted on  2007-06-29   23:23:07 ET  Reply   Trace   Private Reply  


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