Sat Aug 9, 8:52 AM ET When the North Caucasus slid into war Thursday night, it presented John McCain and Barack Obama with a true 3 a.m. moment, and their responses to the crisis suggested dramatic differences in how each candidate, as president, would lead America in moments of international crisis.
While Obama offered a response largely in line with statements issued by democratically elected world leaders, including President Bush, first calling on both sides to negotiate, John McCain took a remarkably and uniquely more aggressive stance, siding clearly with Georgias pro-Western leaders and placing the blame for the conflict entirely on Russia.
The abrupt crisis in an obscure hotspot had the features of the real foreign policy situations presidents face not the clean hypotheticals of candidates white papers and debating points.
Russia has long attempted to reclaim now-sovereign parts of the former Soviet Union, stoking conflicts in the enclaves of South Ossetia and Abkhazia, which are universally recognized to be Georgian soil. Russia has also used the ensuing military tensions to set back Georgias bid to enter NATO.
But Georgia appears to have sparked the conflict by marching on the South Ossetian capital as Russias powerful Prime Minister Vladimir Putin headed to Beijing for the Olympic Games. Russia, in turn, welcomed the conflict, launching a large-scale attack on its smaller neighbor and sending tanks across its border.
Both American candidates back Georgias sovereignty and its turn toward the West. But their first statements on the crisis revealed differences of substance and style.
Obamas statement put him in line with the White House, the European Union, NATO and a series of European powers, while McCains initial statement which he delivered in Iowa and ran on a blog on his Web site under the title McCain Statement on Russian Invasion of Georgia put him more closely in line with the moral clarity and American exceptionalism projected by President Bushs first term.
A McCain adviser suggested that Obamas statement constituted appeasement, while Obamas camp suggested that McCain was being needlessly belligerent and dangerously quick to judge a complicated situation.
I strongly condemn the outbreak of violence in Georgia, and urge an immediate end to armed conflict, Obama said in a written statement. Now is the time for Georgia and Russia to show restraint and to avoid an escalation to full-scale war. Georgias territorial integrity must be respected.
Obama added briefly that the international community should get involved. More than an hour later, as more details of Russias incursion into Georgia emerged, he cited Russia more directly: What is clear is that Russia has invaded Georgias sovereign has encroached on Georgias sovereignty, he told reporters in Sacramento.
McCains statement was longer, more detailed and more confrontational.
"[T]he news reports indicate that Russian military forces crossed an internationally recognized border into the sovereign territory of Georgia. Russia should immediately and unconditionally cease its military operations and withdraw all forces from sovereign Georgian territory.
The government of Georgia has called for a ceasefire and for a resumption of direct talks on South Ossetia with international mediators. The U.S. should immediately work with the EU and the OSCE to put diplomatic pressure on Russia to reverse this perilous course that it has chosen.
John McCains top foreign policy adviser, Randy Scheunemann, defended McCains direct criticism of Russia in the early hours of the crisis.
"Sen. McCain is clearly willing to note who he thinks is the aggressor here, he said, dismissing the notion that Georgias move into its renegade province had precipitated the crisis. "I don't think you can excuse, defend, explain or make allowance for Russian behavior because of what is going on in Georgia.
He also criticized Obama for calling on both sides to show restraint, and suggested the Democrat was putting too much blame on the conflicts clear victim.
That's kind of like saying after Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait, that Kuwait and Iraq need to show restraint, or like saying in 1968 [when the Soviet Union invaded Czechoslovakia] ... that the Czechoslovaks should show restraint, he said.
A foreign policy adviser for Obama, Ben Rhodes, said Obama was deliberately measured in response to the conflict, balancing his disapproval of Russias troubling behavior in its near-abroad region with the fact that we have to deal with Russia to deal with our most important national security challenges.
Rhodes declined to discuss McCains statement directly, but did indirectly criticize it.
"The temperature of your rhetoric isn't a measure of your commitment to Georgian sovereignty, he said, noting that the two candidates statements shared a substantive commitment to Georgias borders. You don't want to get so far in front of a situation that you're feeding the momentum of an escalation.
Critics of McCains stance said hed imposed ideology on a complicated situation in which both sides bear some blame.
McCain took an inflexible approach to addressing this issue by focusing heavily on one side, without a pragmatic assessment of the situation, said Mark Brzezinski, a former Clinton White House official and an informal adviser to Obama.
Its both sides fault both have been somewhat provocative with each other, he said.
A fellow at the conservative Heritage Foundation, Ariel Cohen, praised McCains statement as robust and tough.
The candidates stances also reflected their broader goals in the region. Obama, Rhodes noted, has argued that the American interest in controlling nuclear material in the former Soviet Union and in other national security concerns means that the country should maintain a constructive relationship with Russia, even when Russia mistreats its population and threatens its neighbors.
McCain, meanwhile, has offered more sticks than carrots, and suggested that Russia will respond primarily to American toughness and resolve. Hes also called for Russia to be expelled from the Group of Eight industrial nations, a move unlikely to be supported by its other members, but one that makes his disapproval of Russias conduct very clear. Friday, as the crisis unfolded, he reiterated that stance.
The conflict in Georgia also brought attention to another complicating feature of McCains campaign: His ties to Republican operatives with extensive lobbying practices. Scheunemann was, until earlier this year, registered to lobby for the government of Georgia.
A public relations firm working for the Russian Federation pointed out Scheunemanns lobbying past to reporters a sign that McCains stance is not, for better or worse, being welcomed in Moscow as did Obamas campaign.
John McCains top foreign policy adviser lobbied for, and has a vested interest in, the Republic of Georgia and McCain has mirrored the position advocated by the government, said Obama spokesman Hari Sevugan, noting that the appearance of a conflict of interest was a consequence of McCains too-close ties to lobbyists.
Scheunemann dismissed the criticism, saying he severed his ties to his firm and to his client on March 1 and noting that McCain has been a firm supporter of Georgias move toward the West, and away from Russia, since the Arizona senators first visit there in 1997.